Campus Resources By Anurag Sharma

Genpact eyes expansion in India

2009-07-04T05:43:00.000-07:00

Business process outsourcing company Genpact Ltd expects its healthcare services business to grow at "a good pace," and is looking to
expand the segment in the United States, India and the Europe, its chief executive said.

"This is one (segment) that can grow at very large double digits mainly because it is a relatively untapped market," Genpact Chief Executive Pramod Bhasin said in an interview.

Genpact, which provides services in asset management, hospital administration, supply chain logistics and finance, gets about 7 per cent to 8 per cent of its revenue from healthcare outsourcing. The company, which draws majority of its revenue from banking, financial services and insurance, and manufacturing sectors, reported revenue of $1 billion in 2008.

Healthcare organisations, especially in developed countries, are increasingly looking at opportunities to outsource as the need for a cost-effective healthcare system -- with trained but cheap manpower -- becomes acute. Soaring healthcare costs in the United States, where health spending is estimated to hit $2.5 trillion in 2009, undermine the competitiveness of businesses, strain state and federal budgets and drive many Americans into bankruptcy, even as 46 million Americans remain with no health insurance.

US President Barack Obama aims to expand healthcare coverage to all Americans, provide better care and reduce wasteful spending for medical errors, fraud and unnecessary treatments through his proposed healthcare overhaul package. Obama's proposed health reforms and the healthcare overhaul package are going to put a lot of pressure on hospitals to reduce costs, Bhasin said.

Genpact, which draws about 75 per cent of its revenue from the United States, has been focusing on building expertise in areas such as hospital administration, supply chain logistics, equipment and doctor utilization, asset management, and finance and administration, the CEO said. To make the best use of global opportunities, thrown open by the growing significance of cheaper healthcare, Genpact is planning to expand the business in the United States, India and Europe.

"Healthcare is interesting because it is an area where frankly, anytime, you can actually take this expertise to any part of the world," said Bhasin, who is also the chairman of National Association of Software and Service Companies (Nasscom), the IT trade body in India. Genpact got its start in 1997 as the India-based business process services unit of GE Capital, General Electric Co's financial services business, and became independent in 2005.

GE is the company's top client, contributing almost half of its revenue. Genpact, which competes with International Business Machines Corp, Accenture Ltd and WNS Holdings Ltd, counts GlaxoSmithKline, Kimberly-Clark Corp and Cadbury Schweppes among its other clients.

Oracle plans to lay off up to 1,000

2009-07-04T05:25:00.000-07:00

Oracle Corp plans to lay off up to 1,000 workers in Europe, or about 1 percent of its global staff, as the recession erodes the giant so
ftware company's earnings, French news agency has AFP reported.

Oracle spokeswoman Deborah Hellinger declined to comment.

The world's No. 2 publicly held software maker would be one of the last major technology companies to undertake significant layoffs in this economic downturn.

Oracle would join EMC Corp, Hewlett-Packard Co, International Business Machines Corp, Intel Corp, Microsoft Corp and SAP AG, among others.

Trade unions learned of the job cuts on Monday and Tuesday during committee meetings of Oracle's European workers, according to the AFP report.

Redwood City, California-based Oracle had some 86,000 employees as of May 31, compared with 84,233 a year earlier. About a third of the software maker's employees are in the United States.

UK bank goes for Wipro, TCS staff

2009-07-04T05:11:00.000-07:00

Even as protectionism gains ground among political hardliners in the UK and US, UK-based Lloyds Bank has initiated the process of replac
ing most its British IT workers with Indian nationals.

Many of the Indian recruits will be from top-rung Indian IT majors like Wipro and TCS, who are also the bank’s vendors, said two industry officials familiar with the development.

The bank, which has over 400 employees in its IT department, is learnt to be considering replacing over 80% of its IT workforce with those from India. “We continue to outsource areas of IT work to companies based overseas. At any one time, some of the staff from these companies will be based in the UK to deliver aspects of our IT projects which is standard industry practice,” said a Lloyds spokeswoman over email. She added that the number of staff from overseas companies working with Lloyds in the UK varied depending on the projects underway and the skills required. TCS declined to comment since it was in the midst of its silent period while Wipro refrained from comemnting on “market speculation.”

Globally, the economic crisis has resulted in serious cost-cutting measures which includes wage cuts. For example, an Indian IT specialist with over four years of experience, will be paid almost 30% lesser than his British counterpart. “The costs pressures for companies in Europe and US are forcing companies to lay off workers and replace them with more inexpensive labour mostly from India and China,” said a UK-based consultant who advises European banks on outsourcing strategies. Last week, the Lloyds Banking Group’s employee union protested on a move to replace skilled IT workers of British origin with those from India.

“Workers from India, who would otherwise have no legal right to work in the UK, are being given work visas and flown into the country to take on jobs that could otherwise be given to the existing UK-based staff. The UK government should be using its 43% ownership in Lloyds to force the bank’s board to act in the best interest of UK jobs and its economy,” the union’s assistant general secretary Steve Tatlow had said last week.

A Billion Year Ultra-Dense Memory Chip

2009-06-07T06:23:00.000-07:00

When it comes to data storage, density and durability have always moved in opposite directions - the greater the density the shorter the durability. For example, information carved in stone is not dense but can last thousands of years, whereas today's silicon memory chips can hold their information for only a few decades. Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley have smashed this tradition with a new memory storage medium that can pack thousands of times more data into one square inch of space than conventional chips and retain this data for more than a billion years!

"We've developed a new mechanism for digital memory storage that consists of a crystalline iron nanoparticle shuttle enclosed within the hollow of a multiwalled carbon nanotube," said physicist Alex Zettl who led this research.

"Through this combination of nanomaterials and interactions, we've created a memory device that features both ultra-high density and ultra-long lifetimes, and that can be written to and read from using the conventional voltages already available in digital electronics."

Zettl, one of the world's foremost researchers into nanoscale systems and devices, holds joint appointments with Berkeley Lab's Materials Sciences Division (MSD) and the Physics Department at UC Berkeley, where he is the director of the Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems. He is the principal author of a paper that has been published on-line by Nano Letters entitled: "Nanoscale Reversible Mass Transport for Archival Memory." Co-authoring the paper with Zettl were Gavi Begtrup, Will Gannett and Tom Yuzvinsky, all members of his research group, plus Vincent Crespi, a theorist at Penn State University.

The ever-growing demand for digital storage of videos, images, music and text calls for storage media that pack increasingly more data onto chips that keep shrinking in size. However, this demand runs in sharp contrast to the history of data storage. Compare the stone carvings in the Egyptian temple of Karnak, which store approximately two bits of data per square inch but can still be read after nearly 4,000 years, to a modern DVD which can store 100 giga (billion) bits of data per square inch but will probably remain readable for no more than 30 years.

"Interestingly," said Zettl, "the Domesday Book, the great survey of England commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1086 and written on vellum, has survived over 900 years, while the 1986 BBC Domesday Project, a multimedia survey marking the 900th anniversary of the original Book, required migration from the original high-density laserdiscs within two decades because of media failure."

Zettl and his collaborators were able to buck data storage history by creating a programmable memory system that is based on a moveable part - an iron nanoparticle, approximately 1/50,000th the width of a human hair, that in the presence of a low voltage electrical current can be shuttled back and forth inside a hollow carbon nanotube with remarkable precision. The shuttle's position inside the tube can be read out directly via a simple measurement of electrical resistance, allowing the shuttle to function as a nonvolatile memory element with potentially hundreds of binary memory states.

Cisco Releases Security Advisory for Wireless Gateways

2009-06-07T05:40:00.000-07:00

Cisco Systems, Inc. (NMS: CSCO) has released a security advisory focused on key components susceptible to DoS and Privilege Escalation vulnerabilities inherent in the networking giant’s Wireless LAN Controllers, Catalyst 6500 Wireless Services Modules, and last but not least their superb (in our opinion) Catalyst 3750 Integrated Wireless LAN Controllers. The company has issued patches for the enumerated issues. There are no workarounds outside of the patch activity. The full advisory appears after the jump. Get patching folks.
Cisco Security Advisory: Multiple Vulnerabilities in Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers
Advisory ID: cisco-sa-20090204-wlc
Revision 1.0
For Public Release 2009 February 04 1600 UTC (GMT)
Summary
=======
Multiple vulnerabilities exist in the Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs), Cisco Catalyst 6500 Wireless Services Modules (WiSMs), and Cisco Catalyst 3750 Integrated Wireless LAN Controllers. This security advisory outlines details of the following vulnerabilities:
* Denial of Service Vulnerabilities (total of three)
* Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
These vulnerabilities are independent of each other.
Cisco has released free software updates that address these vulnerabilities.
There are no workarounds available for these vulnerabilities.

This advisory is posted at http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/707/cisco-sa-20090204-wlc.shtml.
Affected Products
=================
Vulnerable Products
+——————
The following products and software versions are affected for each vulnerability.
Denial of Service Vulnerabilities
+——————————–
Two denial of service (DoS) vulnerabilities affect software versions 4.2 and later. All Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) platforms are affected. A third DoS vulnerability affects software versions 4.1 and later. The following platforms are affected by this vulnerability:
* Cisco 4400 Series Wireless LAN Controllers
* Cisco 4100 Series Wireless LAN Controllers
* Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series/7600 Series Wireless Services Module (WiSM)
* Cisco Catalyst 3750 Series Integrated Wireless LAN Controllers
Note: The Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Modules supported on Cisco 2800 and 3800 series Integrated Services Routers are not vulnerable. The Cisco 2000 and 2100 Series Wireless LAN Controllers are also not affected by this vulnerability.
Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
+———————————
Only WLC software version 4.2.173.0 is affected by this vulnerability.
Determination of Software Versions
+———————————
To determine the WLC version that is running in a given environment, use one of the following methods:
* In the web interface, choose the Monitor tab, click Summary in the left pane, and note the Software Version.
* From the command-line interface, type “show sysinfo” and note the Product Version, as shown in the following example:
(Cisco Controller) >show sysinfo
Manufacturer’s Name.. Cisco Systems Inc.
Product Name……… Cisco Controller
Product Version…… 5.1.151.0
RTOS Version……… Linux-2.6.10_mvl401
Bootloader Version… 4.0.207.0
Build Type……….. DATA + WPS

Use the “show wism module controller 1 status” command on a Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series/7600 Series switch if using a WiSM, and note the Software Version, as demonstrated in the following example:
Router#show wism mod 3 controller 1 status
WiSM Controller 1 in Slot 3
Operational Status of the Controller: Oper-Up
Service VLAN: 192
Service Port: 10
Service Port Mac Address: 0011.92ff.8742
Service IP Address: 192.168.10.1
Management IP Address: 192.168.1.123
Software Version: 5.1.151.0
Port Channel Number: 288
Allowed vlan list: 30,40
Native VLAN ID: 40
WCP Keep Alive Missed: 0
Products Confirmed Not Vulnerable
+——————————–
No other Cisco products are currently known to be affected by these vulnerabilities.
Details
=======
Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs), Cisco Catalyst 6500 Wireless Services Modules (WiSMs), and Cisco Catalyst 3750 Integrated Wireless LAN Controllers are responsible for system-wide wireless LAN functions, such as security policies, intrusion prevention, RF management, quality of service (QoS), and mobility. These devices communicate with Controller-based Access Points over any Layer 2 (Ethernet) or Layer 3 (IP) infrastructure using the Lightweight Access Point Protocol (LWAPP). This Security Advisory describes multiple distinct vulnerabilities in the WLCs, WiSMs, and the Cisco Catalyst 3750 Integrated WLCs. These vulnerabilities are independent of each other.
Denial of Service Vulnerabilities
+——————————–
These vulnerabilities are documented in the following Cisco Bug ID and have been assigned the following Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) identifiers:
* CSCsq44516 - CVE-2009-0058
Web authentication is a Layer 3 security feature that causes the controller to drop IP traffic (except DHCP and DNS related packets) from a particular client until that client has correctly supplied a valid username and password. An attacker may use a vulnerability scanner to cause the device to stop servicing web authentication or cause a reload of the device. The following error messages may appear on the console during an active attack:
SshPmStMain/pm_st_main.c:1954/
ssh_pm_st_main_batch_addition_result:
Failed to add rule to the engine:
restoring old state
SshEnginePmApiPm/engine_pm_api_pm.c:1896/
ssh_pme_enable_policy_lookup:
Could not allocate message
* CSCsm82364 - CVE-2009-0059
An attacker may cause a device reload when sending a malformed post to the web authentication “login.html” page. The following error messages may appear on the WLC console during this attack:
Cisco Crash Handler
Signal generated during a signal 11, count 193
Memory 0×14ef1e44 has been freed!
Note: A crash file is not generated during this attack.
* CSCso60979 - CVE-2009-0061
Affected Cisco WLC, WiSM and Catalyst 3750 Wireless LAN Controller models are vulnerable to a DoS condition that is triggered by the receipt of certain IP packets. Upon receiving these IP packets, the affected device may become unresponsive and require a reboot to recover. Note: This vulnerability affects software versions 4.1 and later in the Cisco 4400 series WLCs, Cisco Catalyst 6500 WiSM, and the Cisco Catalyst 3750 Integrated Wireless LAN Controllers. Cisco 4100, 2100, and 2000 series WLCs are not affected by this vulnerability.
Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
+———————————
A privilege escalation vulnerability exists only in WLC software version 4.2.173.0, and could allow a restricted user (i.e., Lobby Admin) to gain full administrative rights on the affected system. Note: Wireless network users are not affected by this vulnerability. This vulnerability is documented in Cisco Bug ID CSCsv62283 and has been assigned the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) identifier CVE-2009-0062.
Vulnerability Scoring Details
+—————————-
Cisco has provided scores for the vulnerabilities in this advisory based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS). The CVSS scoring in this Security Advisory is done in accordance with CVSS version 2.0. CVSS is a standards-based scoring method that conveys vulnerability severity and helps determine urgency and priority of response. Cisco has provided a base and temporal score. Customers can then compute environmental scores to assist in determining the impact of the vulnerability in individual networks. Cisco has provided an FAQ to answer additional questions regarding CVSS at http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/cvss-qandas.html Cisco has also provided a CVSS calculator to help compute the environmental impact for individual networks at http://intellishield.cisco.com/security/alertmanager/cvss
* Certain packets may cause WebAuth services to hang or reload the device (CSCsq44516)

CVSS Base Score - 6.1
Access Vector - Adjacent Network
Access Complexity - Low
Authentication - None
Confidentiality Impact - None
Integrity Impact - None
Availability Impact - Complete

CVSS Temporal Score - 5.0
Exploitability - Functional
Remediation Level - Official-Fix
Report Confidence - Confirmed
* Crash handling invalid post for webauth (CSCsq44516)

CVSS Base Score - 6.1
Access Vector - Adjacent Network
Access Complexity - Low
Authentication - None
Confidentiality Impact - None
Integrity Impact - None
Availability Impact - Complete

CVSS Temporal Score - 5.0
Exploitability - Functional
Remediation Level - Official-Fix
Report Confidence - Confirmed
* WLC TSEC driver may hang or crash the device (CSCso60979)

CVSS Base Score - 7.8
Access Vector - Network
Access Complexity - Low
Authentication - None
Confidentiality Impact - None
Integrity Impact - None
Availability Impact - Complete

CVSS Temporal Score - 6.4
Exploitability - Functional
Remediation Level - Official-Fix
Report Confidence - Confirmed
* Local Management Users may obtain full admin rights (CSCsv62283)

CVSS Base Score - 9.0
Access Vector - Network
Access Complexity - Low
Authentication - Single
Confidentiality Impact - Complete
Integrity Impact - Complete
Availability Impact - Complete

CVSS Temporal Score - 7.8
Exploitability - Functional
Remediation Level - Official-Fix
Report Confidence - Confirmed

Impact
======
Successful exploitation of the denial of service vulnerabilities may cause the affected device to hang or reload. Repeated exploitation could result in a sustained DoS condition. The privilege escalation vulnerability may allow an authenticated user to obtain full administrative rights on the affected system.

Software Versions and Fixes
===========================
When considering software upgrades, also consult http://www.cisco.com/go/psirt and any subsequent advisories to determine exposure and a complete upgrade solution. In all cases, customers should exercise caution to be certain the devices to be upgraded contain sufficient memory and that current hardware and software configurations will continue to be supported properly by the new release. If the information is not clear, contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) or your contracted maintenance provider for assistance.

Himalayas warming faster than global average

2009-06-07T05:33:00.000-07:00

NEW DELHI: Northwestern Himalayas has become 1.4 degrees Celsius warmer in the last 100 years, a far higher level of warming than the 0.5-1.1
degrees for the rest of the globe, Indian scientists have found.

Scientists from the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Pune University's Department of Geology examined the variation in precipitation (snowfall and rainfall) in the region and found that warming has led to a delay in the onset of winter and a reduction in snowfall.

The study published in the International Journal of Climatology from the Royal Meteorological society, Britain, found that northwestern Himalayas have warmed at the rate of about 1.4 degrees Celsius in the last century compared to the global range of 0.5 to 1.1 degrees Celsius.

"The interesting finding of the study is the unusually high rate of increase in both maximum and minimum temperatures in the last three decades in the northwestern Himalayan region (NWH) whereas in other high altitude mountainous regions of the world such as the Alps and the Rockies, the minimum temperature has increased more rapidly than the maximum," M.R. Bhutiyani, a DRDO scientist who led the study, told IANS.

"The warming on the NWH has been because of both maximum and minimum temperature increasing at a higher rate, with maximum temperature increasing more rapidly," said Bhutiyani, who is also head of the Department of Geology at the College of Military Engineering, Pune.

The data for the NWH region spread over Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh was collected from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment (SASE) in Manali and the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology.

The study also indicated a significant decreasing trend in monsoon and annual overall precipitation during the period 1866-2006.

"The alarming aspect of it is that the winter precipitation consists now of more rainfall and less snowfall. Effective duration of winter has been curtailed with the late onset of winter and the early onset of spring. This, in turn, has directly influenced the ecology of the area," said Bhutiyani.

The study found that less snowfall followed by early melting of the snow has resulted in a changed water balance in the catchments.

Conforming to the global trends, the study said that the glaciers in the NWH have shrunk considerably in the last three decades, indicating major ice-loss.

"The research points towards the fact that a significant increase in air temperature, coinciding with the industrial revolution and enhanced anthropogenic (human related) activities may have resulted in warming of the region and climate change," Bhutiyani added.

Now, a way to measure pain!

2009-06-07T05:31:00.000-07:00

LONDON: Well, you may soon feel others' pain, thanks to scientists who have discovered what they claim is a way to measure a person's suffering.

Using brain scans, a team at the Oxford University has carried out a series of studies which have shown distinct differences between the brains of people in pain and others who are not.

"Pain seems to increase the blood flow to certain parts of the brain roughly in proportion to the amount of pain felt, and we can measure that activation in a brain scan," the team's leader Prof Irene Tracey said.

What the scientists have found is that the brain possesses what they call a "pain matrix", with such feelings typically activating more than a dozen parts of the brain, 'The Sunday Times' reported.

This is in contrast to other senses such as vision or hearing, where stimuli are generally fed to just one part of the brain for interpretation.

Spreading financial literacy

2009-06-07T05:24:00.000-07:00

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), with the objective of disseminating information on the Central Bank and general banking concepts to various target
groups including school and college students, has undertaken an initiative titled 'Project Financial Literacy.' The project also aims to educate women, rural and urban poor, defence personnel and senior citizens on general banking concepts.

Recently, a pilot programme has been launched on financial literacy in Karnataka. The programme, launched by RBI in collaboration with the state government, will involve introduction of financial and related material in the curriculum of schools and colleges. Significant steps would also be taken to make financial literacy a part of non-formal education.

A Udgata, chief general manager, RBI, said: "Children, today, are not money-smart and hence, it is imperative to teach them the basic concepts of banking that would be useful for them in life. As a part of our project, we visit various schools across India and hold various activities for students to sensitise them on financial concepts."

He adds, "Our literacy project has two segments. While the first one is concerned with general topics designed to acquaint people with the basics of banking, finance, markets, banking products and facilities, the second one aims at familiarising people with the functioning of our Central Bank in areas like monetary policy, currency management, forex management, public debt management and other similar topics."

For spreading awareness about RBI and banking at the regional level, RBI also conducts an essay competition for schoolchildren on subjects related to financial inclusion. Adds Udgata, "We are also working on an RBI Young Scholarship Award to generate interest and awareness about the Indian banking sector. Under the scheme, RBI will select young scholars through a countrywide competitive examination who wll be given an opportunity to intern with the bank for two to three months. The opportunity will be available to students pursuing their graduation in Indian universities."

In an attempt to 'catch them young,' RBI launched two comic books in basic banking. He explains, "Through this pictorial representation, while Raju (a comic character) explains the basics of banking to children, Money Kumar (another character) explains the role and functions of RBI. Both these comics have been published in 13 languages including English and Hindi. They have been accommodated in Braille as well."

In addition, RBI has created a special subsite to make people understand the basics of banking in an interesting manner through comics, films, interactive games and stories. Udgata adds, "We are planning to launch a story book on this site narrating the story of the evolution of money from the times of the barter system to the present system of electronic money."

Scholarship

2009-06-04T07:38:00.000-07:00

A scholarship is an award of access to an institution or a financial aid award for an individual (a "scholar") for the purposes of furthering their education. A scholarship may be awarded based on range of criteria, which usually reflect the views or purposes of the donor or founder of the award.

Another meaning of “scholarship“ is the pursuit of a research subject, usually in arts or humanities (as opposed to science). In both scholarly and scientific fields, the word “scholarship“ is used to mean deep mastery of a research subject, often achieved through university studies

Merit-based - financial aid for which financial need is not used to determine the recipient. The recipient may be determined by students’ athletic, academic, artistic or other abilities. The actual monetary value of the scholarship may be negligible, the scholarship being meant to motivate the student and promote the study of the subject. However, this is not always the case and the largest scholarships are almost always merit-based.

Need-based - financial aid for which the student and family’s financial situation is a primary factor in determining the recipient. Usually such scholarship will cover all or part of the tuition and may even cover living-costs. Very often even need-based private scholarships require the awardees to be distinguished students, as the deed founding the award may include a phrase like: “for the studies of founder's favourite subject in founder's favourite institution of higher education for a talented youths of limited means from founder's home town/county/state etc.“

Ethnicity-based - financial aid where applicants must initially qualify by race, religion, or national origin. After filtering the applicants based on their ethnicity, additional factors are taken into consideration to determine the final recipients.

More Scholarships

1.Ron Brown Scholarships

The award: Leadership, community service, all fields. The deadline is usually in January. This is one of most prestigious scholarships and it's very, very competitive. Details at site.

2.Jackie Robinson Foundation Scholarship

The award: $6,000 per year. Number of winners about 100. It's renewable. Academic merit, leadership, community service, all fields. Deadline is usually in April. Details at site.

3.Project Excellence Scholarships

The award: $4,000 or higher (to full tuition). Number of winners: at least 600. Academic merit, leadership, community service, all fields. Deadline: Feb. 1. Details at site.

4.United Negro College Fund Scholarships

The UNCF is one of our major scholarship gateways. The awards are of varying amounts, and there are a great many under different names and requirements Grandmet, Duracell, for example). The deadline is usually December. Details at site.

5.Kodak Scholarships

The award: varying amounts to $5,000. Number of awards: Varies. For those studying in
film/cinematography at U.S. colleges. Details at site

6.Intel Science Talent Search

The award is from $5,000 to $100,000. There are approx. 40 awards in this prestigious competition. You must present a scientific research project. Deadline: December. Details at site.

7.NACME Scholarships-(National Action Council For Minorities in Engineering).

The award amounts to $20,000, and many are awarded. This is our major engineering scholarship gateway. You must be an engineering student. The deadline is usually in
February. Go to the website for details, or contact from aid official at your college.

8.Gates Millennium Scholarships

The Gates Millennium Scholarship is to promote academic excellence and to provide an opportunity for thousands of outstanding students with significant financial need. The scholarship will cover room, board and tuition for at least 1,000 high school students a year. Nomination material for 2002-2003 will be available November 2001. Go to website for details.

9.NSBE Scholarships-(National Society of Black Engineers).

Award amount: Generally range from $1,500 to $3,000 for members of NSBE. Number of awards varies. This is primarily for engineering students, and others majoring in related disciplines. Deadlines vary. Details at website.

10.American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants Scholarships (AICPA).

For undergraduates studying accounting at a U.S. college with at least 30 credits completed. Awards up to $5,000 with about 300 winners annually. Deadline is in July. Go to website for GPA requirements and details.

11.Developmental Fund for Black Students in Science and Technology Scholarships

Award amount: $2,000 and renewable. Several Scholarships granted. This is for science or engineering students at HBCUs. Deadline is June 15.

12.Coca-Cola Scholars Scholarships

This is a major competition with hundreds of over 250 awards going to "scholars," with academic, leadership, and talent qualities. The award amount is from $4,000 to $20,000. You can apply on-line. The deadline is October 31.

13.Ambassadorial Scholarships

This is the prestigious "Rotary" organization scholarship for students who can speak another language and want to study abroad in the "host" country of that language. Award amounts are from $10,000 to $23,000 for a 3 month to full year of study abroad. You should have completed at least 2 years of college work.

14.Ronald McDonald USA National Employees Scholarships.

Students must be studying at a HBCU which is a member of the UNCF. The award is from $1,000 to full tuition. Approx. 60 students are selected. The deadline is April 1. Go to website for details.

15.Xerox Technology Minority Scholarship

type in "Scholarship" in the search engine. This is a good scholarship for strong minority scholarships for students studying in areas like chemistry, engineering, physics, and "tech" areas. The award amount is up to $4,000 for undergraduates and more for graduate students. The deadline is Sept.15. Go to web location for details.

16.Alpha Kappa Alpha Scholarships

The above link is to the Chicago headquarters and that gateway of scholarships. Note that there are over 700 AKA Chapters, and you would be wise to contact sorors in your local vicinity. Scholarship opportunities abound. The deadline at AKA headquarters is Feb. 15. Applications (at the website) must be sent between Dec. 1st and January 30th each year.
*Note: all of our Greeks (listed in our Black Excel college guide) offer scholarships, and you should contact your local chapters.

17.NCAA Scholarships -(National Collegiate Athletic Association)

This is the major NCAA sport association with which student-athletes are associated. Awards are given in all sports categories, amounts from $3,000 to $12,500. Awards are also available for sports-related study (such as sports journalism). Deadlines vary, as do the number of awards each year.

18.National Alliance for Excellence Scholarships

The student competitors can be seniors or already in college. They must submit an application that can include recommendations (academics), art (slides), dance (tapes), photographs, or other materials that point to talent and achievement in all areas. The awards are for a minimum of one year, and over 100 are granted. Applications can be
submitted at any time. The selection process is ongoing. Go to the website.

19.Harry S. Truman Scholarship

The is one of the most prestigious scholarships, shaped for students who intend to pursue a career targeted to public service or government. Graduate study should be a goal, with a portion of the funds directed there. You must be at least a junior, and your college must nominate you. A "nomination package" must be created. The awards can reach as high as $30,000 over the years. Generally about 80 students are selected. The deadline is February 1st. Go to website for details.

20.National Association of Hispanic Journalist

Awards from $1000-$5000 Students interested in journalism as a career can apply. Deadline is Feb 28th. See web site for application and information.

21.National Association of Black Journalists

NABJ offers 10 scholarships. It's a $2,500 award. Students should be attending a four-year university. They must present three letters of recommendation from a school adviser, dean or a faculty member. Also, a 500-800 word article on a Black journalist must be presented. A grade point average of 3.0 is desirable. Eligible students must be majoring in journalism-print, photography, radio or television. One of those should be a career goal. Deadline is March 31. Go to website for details.

22.Hispanic College Fund Scholarships

Major site for Hispanic students majoring in business-related areas, A to Z (accounting, human resources, communications, and more). The award amount varies. Over 140 awards granted. Deadline: April.

23.Arts Recognition And Talent Search Awards

These awards are granted to high school or college students (17, 18 years of age) who show talent in dance, voice, music, art, photography, jazz, visual arts, writing, or other creative areas. You must audition or submit a portfolio or tape. The award is to be used for freshman year in college. Award amounts from $100 to $3,000. Deadline is June 1 or April 1 (for registration in specific regions).

24.Society of Women Engineer Scholarships

These scholarships are targeted for women who are majoring in engineering or computer science. Award amount are from $200 to $5,000, and at least 90 are granted. The deadline for students already in college is February 1st but is May 15 for high school seniors entering an "accredited" program.

25.McDonald's USA - Scholarships

With the aid of our franchisees and Ronald McDonald House Charities, McDonald's is proud to sponsor several education scholarship programs.
The award: Leadership, community service, all fields. The deadline is usually in January. This is one of most prestigious scholarships and it's very, very competitive. Details at site.

Sukriti Vidyut Udyog

2009-06-04T07:35:00.000-07:00

The Company

Sukriti was established in 1972 at Ghaziabad (India) for manufacturing special conductors for Wire and Cable industry. Sukriti is preferred supplier in India and abroad, exporting 60% of its production to Europe and USA. Sukriti's range includes single and stranded silver plated copper wire, nickel plated copper wire, silver plated copper-clad steel wire and heating wires.

With quality systems equivalent to ISO 9000, we have integrated manufacturing facility with well equipped testing laboratory and Govt recognized research and development facility. Sukriti offers not just products but solutions.

Recruits R&D Engineer

Experience: 0 - 4 Years
Location: Ghaziabad
Education: B.Tech/B.E.
Industry Type: Industrial Products/Heavy Machinery
Functional Area: Engineering Design, R&D

Job Description
This is R&D engineering job in an Indian manufacturing company. It involves:
Work on live R&D engineering projects.
Design, development and enhancement of machines
Self study of engineering domains through books, internet, research papers for problem solving.
Exploring industrial market for components. So, knowledge of industrial market in NCR region is preferred.
Work under guidance of experienced engineers.
You should be able to execute assigned tasks with little supervision working in small team.

This is R&D engineering job in an Indian manufacturing company. It involves:
Work on live R&D engineering projects.
Design, development and enhancement of machines
Self study of engineering domains through books, internet, research papers for problem solving.
Exploring industrial market for components. So, knowledge of industrial market in NCR region is preferred.
Work under guidance of experienced engineers.
You should be able to execute assigned tasks with little supervision working in small team.

Desired Candidate Profile
Education: BE (Mechanical/Electrical) from reputed engineering college
We are looking for following skills in candidate:
Basic electrial/mechanical engineering skills - fundamentals, engineering drawing, components, circuit diagrams
Engineer willing to utilize and enhance engineering skill on live projects.
Prior experience (0-4 years) in engineering field is preferred
know how of industrial market in NCR region is preferred.
Ability to execute assigned tasks with little supervision.

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)

2009-06-04T07:29:00.000-07:00

Central Police Forces (Assistant Commandants) Examination , 2009

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) will hold a written Examination on 11th October 2009 for recruitment of posts of Assistant Commandants (Group A) in the Central Police Forces (CPF) viz BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP and SSB.

Eligibility
Age : Not less than 20 years and not more than 25 years as on 1st August, 2009. The upper age is relaxable for SC/ST/OBC and certain other categories of candidates to the extent specified in the Notice.

Educational Qualification: Bachelor's degree of any recognised university or an equivalent qualification.
Physical Standards: Candidates must be physically fit according to the Regulations given in notice.
Sex : Both male and female candidates are eligible for appointment to CRPF and CISF. However, only male candidates are eligible for appointment to BSF, ITBP and SSB.
Possession of NCC B or C Certificate will be a desirable qualification. The desirable qualifications will be given consideration at the time of Interview/ Personality Test
only.
Selection Procedure : Selection will be based on the basis of a written examination to be conducted by the UPSC followed by Physcial Standards/ Physical Efficiency Test and Medical Standards Test to be conducted by the Miistry of Home Affairs and the Personality Test/ Interview to be condusted by UPSC.

Application Form: The candidates must apply in the Common Application Form devised by the Commission for its examinations, which can be purchased from the designated Head Post Offices/ Post offices throughout the country against cash
payment of Rs. 20/- only.

Fee: Rs.100/- through Central Recruitment Fee Stamp only. SC/ST/PH candidates are exempted from payment (OBC candidates required to pay full fee).

How To Apply: All applications must reach the "Secretary, Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, Shahjahan Road, New Delhi-110069" either by hand or by Post/Speed Post or by courier on or before the 8th June, 2009. Last date of application is 15th June 2008 for the candidates of far flung areas.

Candidates can obtain details of the examination and can get information about registration of their applications, venues of the examination and syllabus etc at the website of the UPSC at http://upsc.gov.in/

Yahoo to hire 150 in India

2009-06-04T07:26:00.000-07:00

NEW DELHI: Yahoo is hiring for hundreds of job openings including nearly 150 vacancies in India, even as the internet major is set to bring down i ts global workforce by about 675 employees.

"We are currently hiring for key positions and will continue to invest in strategically important areas," a Yahoo spokesperson based in the US said.

While the spokesperson did not elaborate on country-specific hiring plans, the career section of the internet major's website shows that Yahoo is looking for about 150 positions in India alone.

The openings are for its operations in Bangalore, Mumbai and New Delhi, while most of them are for Bangalore. Further, the internet major has over 120 job vacancies for different offices in the US, the website shows.

The India openings are for various departments including engineering, customer care, research and product management, among others.

Last week, while announcing its first quarter results on April 21, Yahoo said that it would slash five per cent of its headcount worldwide. At present, the company has 13,500 employees globally and a five per cent reduction would amount to laying off 675 people.

The firm is resorting to job cuts in the wake of slackening advertisement revenues and a 78 per cent drop in first quarter profit at $118 million. However, it is not clear whether India operations would be affected by the job cuts. India has about 1,500 employees.

"We will be reducing the number of our current employees worldwide by approximately five per cent. We do not break out how individual countries and teams will be impacted.

"We currently have 13,500 employees worldwide. We do not break down how many employees are in each country," the Yahoo spokesperson said.

The spokesperson noted that the majority of impacted employees are expected to be notified within the next two weeks. In 2008, Yahoo's worldwide workforce was about 15,000 and out of them, about 1,500 employees were in India.

Yahoo last October had announced that it would reduce its headcount by as much as 10 per cent. "The goal is to reduce its current annualised cost run rate of approximately $3.9 billion by more than $400 million before the end of 2008," the Internet major had said in October.

"(since) The majority of expenses are headcount-related, Yahoo expects to reduce its global workforce by at least 10 per cent during the fourth quarter of 2008," it had noted.

Oracle to buy Sun Micro for $7.4bn

2009-06-04T07:23:00.000-07:00

New York, April 20: Technology information company Oracle Corporation today announced that it would acquire rival Sun Microsystems for $9.50 a share, or about $7.4 billion.

The agreement with Oracle came about two weeks after IBM ended its talks with Sun.The Sun board baulked at that deal after IBM lowered its offer to $9.40 a share from $10. Still, Monday’s deal represented a 42 per cent premium over Sun’s closing price of $6.69 on Friday. Oracle and Sun said in a statement that net of Sun’s cash and debt, the deal was valued at $5.6 billion.

Lawrence J. Ellison, Oracle’s co-founder and chief executive, and Scott G. McNealy, Sun’s co-founder and chairman, have been two of Silicon Valley’s closest allies over the last 20 years. Their companies turned into two of the superstars of the Internet build-out, and both executives made ribbing rival Microsoft a favoured pastime.

Historically, most of Oracle’s database sales have occurred in tandem with Sun’s servers. Over the past few years, however, Oracle has moved to make Hewlett-Packard and Del stronger allies, as Sun’s business has declined.

“This combination is a natural evolution of our relationship and will be an industry-defining event,” McNealy said.Sun’s directors have unanimously approved the transaction. It is anticipated to close this summer, subject to Sun stockholder approval, the companies said in a statement. Oracle said it expected the purchase to add at least 15 cents a share to its adjusted earnings in the first year after the deal closes. The company also estimated that Sun would contribute more than $1.5 billion to Oracle’s adjusted profit in the first year and more than $2 billion in the second year.

Sun shares were up 36 per cent to $9.10 in early trading, while Oracle fell 5.6 per cent, to $17.99.The deal immediately disrupts the traditional relationships formed between some of the technology industry’s largest players and thrusts Oracle into the hardware business.

Oracle, for example, has long-standing partnerships with Sun’s rivals, including Hewlett-Packard and Dell. These sellers of server computers work to fine-tune Oracle’s database and business software for their computers.

IBM, which competes against Oracle in the software market, also comes under new threats with the deal. For years, IBM has used its homemade servers as leverage for selling higher-profit database and business software. With Sun, Oracle opens up the same opportunity and gains access to thousands of existing Sun customers.

In addition, Oracle has now obtained the MySQL database, which Sun acquired last year for $1 billion. The open-source software has proved popular with companies looking to expand their Internet operations.

Last year, Oracle began a flirtation with the hardware market. It started reselling a server computer from HP that relied on its software for managing and analysing large volumes of data.

NASSCOM rolls out NAC-TECH across India

2009-06-04T07:17:00.000-07:00

One lakh candidates to take test in the next 12 months

Skills assessment program for engineering students to benchmark their entry level skills in the IT industry
NASSCOM’s GMAT-like standardised test to gauge employability of fresh graduates in engineering and technology-based industries will allow students to take a single test that will be valid for multiple employers.
Termed NAC-Tech (NASSCOM’s Assessment of Competence – Technology), it will be used to screen applicants for jobs in the two specific segments, according to Sandhya Chintala, Director – Education Initiative, NASSCOM. The test has been evolved with inputs from some of the IT majors in India, including TCS, Cognizant, Infosys, Wipro, Satyam, Hexaware, IBM, and Accenture. It will evaluate both soft skills and domain competence of candidates. “NAC-Tech is built like a first filter for all educational institutions, companies, and candidates. Students can take the tests online and will be assigned a score, which will facilitate employment.

Whereas, the certification test has two parts. 'Part A' is mandatory and has tests on verbal ability, analytical reasoning, attention to detail, learning ability, programming and written English skills; and 'Part B' is optional and has tests in IT concepts, electronics and communication, mechanical, civil, chemical, textile, bio-technology, electrical and telecommunication engineering. Candidates depending on their specialisation can take a test in any one area. All scores are valid for a period of one year from the date of assessment. NASSCOM will conduct regular feedback programmes and facilitate interviews for candidates with endorsing IT companies. The results and analysis of the NAC tech assessment will also be regularly shared with the universities and government to make any recommended changes in curriculum and faculty development programs.

According to Ms Sangeeta Gupta, Vice President, NASSCOM, “Talent suitability continues to be a key concern for the IT industry with only 25% of the total engineering graduate pool available in India having the requisite skills. The NAC Tech program aims to address this demand-supply gap by helping students understand the requirements of the IT industry, assess and improve their skills based on the program, and tap employment opportunities in the fast growing knowledge sector.

Interesting Interview Questions

2009-05-31T05:02:00.000-07:00

Q: Why have you changed 10 jobs in 14 years?
A: To get financially sound and stable before getting laid off the second time.

Q: So you knew you would be laid off in the year 2009?
A: Well I was laid off first in the year 2002 due to the first global economic slowdown. I had not got a full-time job before January 2003 when the economy started looking up; so I had struggled for almost a year without job and with compromises.

Q: Which number of job was that?
A: That was my third job.

Q: So from Jan 2003 to Jan 2009, in 6 years, you have changed 8 jobs to make the count as 10 jobs in 14 years?
A: I had no other option. In my first 8 years of professional life, I had worked only for 2 organizations thinking that jobs are deserved after lot of hard work and one should stay with an employer company to justify the saying ‘employer loyalty’. But I was an idiot.

Q: Why do you say so?
A: My salary in the first 8 years went up only marginally. I could not save enough and also, I had thought that I had a ‘permanent’ job, so I need not worry about ‘what will I do if I lose my job’. I could never imagine losing a job because of economic slowdown and not because of my performance. That was January 2002.

Q: Can you brief on what happened between January 2003 and 2009.
A: Well, I had learnt my lessons of being ‘company loyal’ and not ‘money earning and saving loyal’. But then you can save enough only when you earn enough. So I shifted my loyalty towards money making and saving – I changed 8 jobs in 6 years assuring all my interviewers about my stability.

Q: So you lied to your interviewers; you had already planned to change the job for which you were being interviewed on a particular day?
A: Yes, you can change jobs only when the market is up and companies are hiring. You tell me – can I get a job now because of the slowdown? No. So one should change jobs for higher salaries only when the market is up because that is the only time when companies hire and can afford the expected salaries.

Q: What have you gained by doing such things?
A: That’s the question I was waiting for. In Jan 2003, I had a fixed salary (without variables) of say Rs. X p.a. In January 2009, my salary was 8X. So assuming my salary was Rs.3 lakh p.a. in Jan 2003, my last drawn salary in Jan 2009 was Rs.24 lakh p.a. (without variable). I never bothered about variable as I had no intention to stay for 1 year and go through the appraisal process to wait for the company to give me a hike.

Q: So you decided on your own hike?
A: Yes, in 2003, I could see the slowdown coming again in future like it had happened in 2001-02. Though I was not sure by when the next slowdown would come, I was pretty sure I wanted a ‘debt-free’ life before being laid off again. So I planned my hike targets on a yearly basis without waiting for the year to complete.

Q: So are you debt-free now?
A: Yes, I earned so much by virtue of job changes for money and spent so little that today I have a loan free 2 BR flat (1200 sq. feet) plus a loan free big car without bothering about any EMIs. I am laid off too but I do not complain at all. If I have laid off companies for money, it is OK if a company lays me off because of lack of money.

Q: Who is complaining?
A: All those guys who are not getting a job to pay their EMIs off are complaining. They had made fun of me saying I am a job hopper and do not have any company loyalty. Now I ask them what they gained by their company loyalty; they too are laid off like me and pass comments to me – why will you bother about us, you are already debt-free. They were still in the bracket of 12-14 lakh p.a. when they were laid off.

Q: What is your advice to professionals?
A: Like Narayan Murthy had said – love your job and not your company because you never know when your company will stop loving you. In the same lines, love yourself and your family needs more than the company’s needs. Companies can keep coming and going; family will always remain the same. Make money for yourself first and simultaneously make money for the company, not the other way around.

Q: What is your biggest pain point with companies?
A: When a company does well, its CEO etc will address the entire company saying, ‘well done guys, it is YOUR company, keep up the hard work, I am with you.” But when the slowdown happens and the company does not do so well, the same CEO Etc will say, “It is MY company and to save the company, I have to take tough decisions including asking people to go.” So think about your financial stability first; when you get laid off, your kids will complain to you and not your boss.

Extraordinary People

2009-05-31T04:58:00.000-07:00

1. Kim Ung-Yong: Attended University at age 4, Ph.D at age 15; world's highest IQ

This Korean super-genius was born in 1962 and might just be the smartest guy alive today (he's recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as having the highest IQ of anyone on the planet). By the age of four he was already able to read in Japanese, Korean, German, and English. At his fifth birthday, he solved complicated differential and integral calculus problems. Later, on Japanese television, he demonstrated his proficiency in Chinese, Spanish, Vietnamese, Tagalog, German, English, Japanese, and Korean. Kim was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records under "Highest IQ"; the book estimated the boy's score at over 210.

Kim was a guest student of physics at Hanyang University from the age of 3 until he was 6. At the age of 7 he was invited to America by NASA. He finished his university studies, eventually getting a Ph.D. in physics at Colorado State University before he was 15. In 1974, during his university studies, he began his research work at NASA and continued this work until his return to Korea in 1978 where he decided to switch from physics to civil engineering and eventually received a doctorate in that field. Kim was offered the chance to study at the most prestigious universities in Korea, but instead chose to attend a provincial university. As of 2007 he also serves as adjunct faculty at Chungbuk National University.

40 Tips for Better Life

2009-05-30T05:21:00.000-07:00

1. Take a 10-30 minutes walk every day. And while you walk, smile.
2. Sit in silence for at least 10 minutes each day..
3. Sleep for 7 hours.
4. Live with the 3 E's -- Energy, Enthusiasm, and Empathy..
5. Play more games.
6. Read more books than you did in 2007.
7. Make time to practice meditation, yoga, and prayer. They provide us with daily fuel for our busy lives.
8. Spend time with people over the age of 70 & under the age of 6...
9. Dream more while you are awake.
10. Eat more foods that grow on trees and plants and eat less food that is manufactured in plants.
11. Drink plenty of water..
12.. Try to make at least three people smile each day.
13. Don't waste your precious energy on gossip.
14. Forget issues of the past. Don't remind your partner with his/her mistakes of the past. That will ruin your present happiness..
15. Don't have negative thoughts or things you cannot control. Instead invest your energy in the positive present moment.
16. Realize that life is a school and you are here to learn. Problems are simply part of the curriculum that appear and fade away like algebra class but the lessons you learn will last a lifetime.
17. Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince and dinner like a beggar.
18. Smile and laugh more...
19. Life is too short to waste time hating anyone. Don't hate others.
20. Don't take yourself so seriously. No one else does.
21. You don't have to win every argument. Agree to disagree.
22. Make peace with your past so it won't spoil the present.
23. Don't compare your life to others'. You have no idea what their journey is all about. Don't compare your partner with others.
24. No one is in charge of your happiness except you.
25. Forgive everyone for everything.
26. What other people think of you is none of your business.
27. GOD heals everything.
28. However good or bad a situation is, it will change.
29. Your job won't take care of you when you are sick. Your friends will. Stay in touch.
30. Get rid of anything that isn't useful, beautiful or joyful.
31. Envy is a waste of time. You already have all you need.
32. The best is yet to come.
33. No matter how you feel, get up, dress up and show up.
34. Do the right thing!
35. Call your family often.
36. Your Inner most is always happy. So, be happy.
37. Each day give something good to others.
38. Don't over do. Keep your limits.
39. When you awake alive in the morning, thank GOD for it.
40. Please Forward this to everyone you care about.

NASSCOM rolls out NAC-TECH across India

2009-03-13T10:03:00.000-07:00

One lakh candidates to take test in the next 12 months
Skills assessment program for engineering students to benchmark their entry level skills in the IT industry

NASSCOM’s GMAT-like standardised test to gauge employability of fresh graduates in engineering and technology-based industries will allow students to take a single test that will be valid for multiple employers.
Termed NAC-Tech (NASSCOM’s Assessment of Competence – Technology), it will be used to screen applicants for jobs in the two specific segments, according to Sandhya Chintala, Director – Education Initiative, NASSCOM. The test has been evolved with inputs from some of the IT majors in India, including TCS, Cognizant, Infosys, Wipro, Satyam, Hexaware, IBM, and Accenture. It will evaluate both soft skills and domain competence of candidates. “NAC-Tech is built like a first filter for all educational institutions, companies, and candidates. Students can take the tests online and will be assigned a score, which will facilitate employment.

Whereas, the certification test has two parts. 'Part A' is mandatory and has tests on verbal ability, analytical reasoning, attention to detail, learning ability, programming and written English skills; and 'Part B' is optional and has tests in IT concepts, electronics and communication, mechanical, civil, chemical, textile, bio-technology, electrical and telecommunication engineering. Candidates depending on their specialisation can take a test in any one area. All scores are valid for a period of one year from the date of assessment. NASSCOM will conduct regular feedback programmes and facilitate interviews for candidates with endorsing IT companies. The results and analysis of the NAC tech assessment will also be regularly shared with the universities and government to make any recommended changes in curriculum and faculty development programs.

According to Ms Sangeeta Gupta, Vice President, NASSCOM, “Talent suitability continues to be a key concern for the IT industry with only 25% of the total engineering graduate pool available in India having the requisite skills. The NAC Tech program aims to address this demand-supply gap by helping students understand the requirements of the IT industry, assess and improve their skills based on the program, and tap employment opportunities in the fast growing knowledge sector.”

Civil Service Examination

2009-02-04T01:01:00.000-08:00

It is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) every year. The first stage of the selection process is announced in November-December every year. The selection is done in 3 stages.

Stage I: Preliminary Examination (Prelims)
Stage II: Main Examination
Stage III: Interview Test
Candidates move into the next stage through a process of elimination. The Prelims are held in May-June and results announced in July-August. The Main examination is held in October-November and those who qualify here are invited to the interview in March-April next.

I: Preliminary Examination

The Preliminary Examination consists of two papers of objective type (multiple-choice questions) carrying a maximum of 450 marks.

Paper - I	General Studies	150 Marks
Paper - II	One of the optional subjects to be selected from the prescribed optional subjects	300 Marks

Optional Subjects (one subject to be selected): Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, Indian History, Law, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, Zoology.

General Studies Topics:

General Science.

Current events of national and international importance

History of India and Indian National Movement

Indian and World Geography

Indian Polity and Economy

General Mental Ability

Questions on General Science will cover general appreciation and understanding of science including matters of everyday observation and experience, as may be expected of a well educated person who has not made a special study of any particular scientific discipline. In current events, knowledge of significant national and international events will be tested. In History of India, emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social, economic and political aspects. Questions on the Indian National Movement will relate to the nature and character of the nineteenth century resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of Independence. In Geography, emphasis will be on Geography of India. Questions on the Geography of India will relate to physical, social and economic Geography of the country, including the main features of Indian agricultural and natural resources. Questions on Indian Polity and Economy will test knowledge of the country’s political system and Constitution of India, Panchayati Raj, Social Systems and economic developments in India. On general mental ability, the candidates will be tested on reasoning and analytical abilities.

The Question Papers (Test Booklets) are set in English & Hindi.
The course content of the syllabi is of degree level.
Duration of each paper is 2 hours.
Blind candidates are allowed an extra time of 20 minutes for each paper.
There is no negative marking and the score in the Prelims does not affect the ranking in the final merit list.

Cut Off Marks for Prelims Exam

Optional subject	Minimum number of questions need to be correct for optional subject	Minimum number of questions need to be correct for General Studies
Geography	84-95	90+
Indian History	95-98	95
Mathematics	68	95
Political Science	90+	95+
Public Administration	84-98	90

Statistical Data of Preliminary

Year of Exam	No of Candidates
Year of Exam	Applied	Appeared
1997	2,65,761	1,30,198
1998	2,71,517	1,22,363
1999	3,09,501	1,35,086
2000	2,25,555	1,19,398
2001	2,56,673	1,38,240
2002	3,01,585	1,57,486

II: Main Examination

The Main Exam consists of a written exam and an interview test. The written exam has 9 papers of conventional essay type. Marks obtained in the Main Exam will determine whether a candidate is called for the interview. Marks obtained in the Main Exam plus interview determines the final ranking. Candidates are allotted various services keeping in view their ranks in the examination and preferences expressed by them. The written examination consists of the following papers:

Paper-I	One of the Indian Languages to be selected by the candidate from the 18 languages included in the VIIIth Schedule to the Constitution (Qualifying Paper)	300 Marks
Paper-II	English (Qualifying Paper)	300 Marks
Paper-III	Essay	200 Marks
Papers IV & V	General Studies (300 Marks for each paper)	600 Marks
Papers VI, VII, VIII & IX	Any two subjects (each having 2 papers) to be selected from the prescribed optional subjects (300 marks for each paper)	1200 Marks
Total Marks for Written Examination		2000 Marks
Interview Test		300 Marks
Grand Total		2300 Marks

Note
(i) The papers on Indian Languages and English will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will be of qualifying nature; the marks obtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking.

(ii) The papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subjects of only such candidates will be evaluated as attain such minimum standard as may be fixed by the Commission in their discretion for the qualifying papers on Indian Language and English.

(iii) The paper-I on Indian Languages will not, however, be compulsory for candidates hailing from the North-Eastern States of Arunachanl Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland and also for candidates hailing from the State of Sikkim.

(iv) For the Language papers, the script to be used by the candidates will be as under

(v) Candidates who have opted for an Indian Language as language medium for the Main Examination have an option of being interviewed either in English or in the same language which they have opted for the Main Examination.

List of optional subjects (Literature): Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, Chinese, English, French, German, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Malayalam, Manipuri, Nepali, Oriya, Pali, Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telegu, Urdu.

Optional subjects for Main Examination (any two): Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Botany, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Commerce and Accountancy, Economics, Electrical Engineering, Geography, Geology, History, Law, Management, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering,20Medical Science, Philosophy, Physics, Political Science and International Relations, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Statistics, Zoology.

The following combinations not allowed are:

Political Science & International Relations and Public Administration
Commerce and Management
Anthropology and Sociology
Mathematics and Statistics
Agriculture and Animal Husbandry &Veterinary Science
Management and Public Administration
Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science and Medical Science
Any two branches of engineering.

The question papers for the examination will be of conventional (essay) type.
Each paper will be of three hours duration. Blind candidates will, however be allowed an extra time of thirty minutes at each paper.

Sequence of papers

General Studies
Essay, followed by English Language
Indian Language (1, 2 and 3 are on three consecutive days)
History
Mathematics/Statistics
Sociology/Anthropology
Geography
Civil Engg./Electrical Engg./Mechanical Engg./Medical Science
Political Science and International Relations/Public Administration
Literature (literature in all languages)
Physics
Commerce and Accountancy/Management
Zoology
Economics
Botany
Law
Philosophy
Agriculture/Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
Psychology
Chemistry
Geology

General Studies
Paper-I
(a) History of Modern India and Indian Culture

The History of Modern India will cover history of the Country from about the middle of nineteenth century and would also include questions on important personalities who shaped the Freedom Movement and Social reforms. The part relating to Indian Culture will cover all aspects of Indian Culture from the ancient to modern times.

(b) Geography of India
In this part, questions will be on the physical, economic and social geography of India.

(c) Indian Polity
This part will include questions on the Constitution of India, Political system and related matters.

(d) Current National issues and topics of social relevance
This part is intended to test the Candidate's awareness of current national issues and topics of social relevance in the present-day India, such as the following.

Demography & Human Resource & related issues. Behavioral & Social issues & Social Welfare problems, such as child labour, gender equality, adult literacy, rehabilitation of the handicapped and other deprived segments of the society, drug abuse, public health etc.

Law enforcement issues, human rights, corruption in public life, communal harmony etc.

Internal Security and related issues.

Environmental issues, ecological preservation, conservation of natural resources and national heritage.

The role of national institutions, their relevance and need for change.

Paper-II

(a) India and the World
This part is intended to test candidate's awareness of India's relationship with the world in various spheres, such as the following:-
Foreign Affairs
External Security and related matters
Nuclear Policy
Indians abroad

(b) Indian Economy
In this part, questions will be on the planning and economic development in India, economic & trade issues, Foreign Trade, the role and functions of I.M.F., World Bank, W.T.O. etc.

(c) International Affairs & Institutions
This part will include questions on important events in world affairs and on international institutions.

(d) Developments in the field of science & technology, communications and space
In this part, questions will test the candidate's awareness of the developments in the field of science & technology, communications and space and also basic ideas of computers.

(e) Statistical analysis, graphs and diagrams
This part will include exercises to test the candidate's ability to draw common sense conclusions from information presented in statistical, graphical or diagrammatical form and to point out deficiencies, limitations or inconsistencies therein.

Essay
Candidates will be required to write an essay on a specific topic. The choice of subjects will be given. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

English
The aim of the paper is to test the candidate's ability to read and understand serious discursive prose, and to express his ideas clearly and correctly in English/Indian language concerned.

The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows :-
(i) Comprehension of given passages.
(ii) Precise Writing
(iii) Usage and Vocabulary
(iv) Short Essay

Note 1 : The candidates will have to answer the English papers in English language (except where translation is involved).

General Instructions (Preliminary as well as Main Examination):
(i) Candidates must write the papers in their own hand. In no circumstances, they will be allowed the help of a scribe to write the answers for them. However, blind candidates will be allowed to write the examination with the help of a scribe.

Note (1) : The eligibility conditions of a scribe, his/her conduct inside the examination hall and the manner in which and extent to which he/she can help the blind candidate in writing the Civil Services Examination shall be governed by the instructions issued by the UPSC in this regard. Violation of all or any of the said instructions shall entail the cancellation of the candidature of the blind candidate in addition to any other action that the UPSC may take against the scribe.

ii) The Commission have discretion to fix qualifying marks in any or all the subjects of the examination.

(iii) If a candidate’s handwriting is not easily legible, a deduction will be made on this account from the total marks otherwise accruing to him.

(iv) Marks will not be allotted for mere superficial knowledge.

(v) Credit will be given for orderly, effective and exact expression combined with due economy of words in all subjects of the examination.

(vi) In the question papers, wherever required, SI units will be used.

(vii) Candidates should use only international form of Indian numerals (i.e. 1,2,3,4,5,6 etc.) while answering question papers.

(viii) Candidates will be allowed the use of Scientific (Non-Programmable type) calculators at the conventional (Essay) type examination of UPSC. Programmable type calculators will however not be allowed and the use of such calculators shall tantamount to resorting to unfair means by the candidates. Loaning or interchanging of calculators in the Examination Hall is not permitted.
It is also important to note that candidates are not permitted to use calculators for answering objective type papers (Test Booklets). They should not therefore bring the same inside the Examination Hall.

Statistical Data of Main Examination

Year Of Exam	Vacancies					Candidates Recommended
Year Of Exam	SC	ST	OBC	GEN	TOTAL	SC	ST	OBC	GEN	TOTAL
1995	98	49	165	333	645	101	49	192	303	645
1996	125	57	174	383	739	138	59	212	330	739
1997	89	43	166	323	621	94	46	215	266	621
1998	53	28	114	275	470	60	30	142	238	470
1999	53	27	97	234	411	63	30	127	191	411
2000	54	29	100	244	427	58	34	128	207	427
2001	47	39	97	234	417	52	42	131	192	417
2002	38	22	88	162	310	38	22	88	138	286

III: Interview Test
The final stage of selection is the interview which is conducted in April/May every year. The object of the interview is to assess the suitability of the candidate for a career in public service. It is an assessment of not only the intellectual qualities but also social traits and interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities judged are: mental alertness, critical powers of assimilation, logical exposition, balance of judgement, variety and depth of interest, social cohesion, leadership and above all, intellectual and moral integrity. There are cases where students clear the preliminary and the mains but fail at the last stage. The secret is to start for preparations for the interview along with the written test. To succeed in the interview, candidates should take an intelligent interest not only in areas of their subjects, but also in what is happening around them, both within and outside their country. They should be aware of modern currents of thought and in new discoveries which should arouse the curiosity of well educated youth. That is why it is most important to read magazines and newspapers, watch television programmes on current affairs and learn to organise thoughts the way the participants do.
Develop the habit of debating and discussing issues with friends or parents. Develop interests and hobbies so that you are able to answer convincingly Understand the current affairs and the issues behind the events. Remember that the interview is not a cross examination but a natural but purposeful conversation. It is an opportunity to reveal the mental qualities of a candidate.

The interview is not a test of specialised knowledge, as that has already been tested in written examination. The idea is to see the social traits of a person and his personality as suited to a career in the Civil Services. If a person gives the impression of being a bookworm, the chances of his selection are reduced. The candidate must exhibit an intelligent interest in events happening around him so that he appears to be a complete personality.

Tips to improve your performance at the UPSC Interview

There are generally 5 members at the board with the Chairperson seated at the center. Enter confidently and greet the Chairperson, who will probably welcome you, and pleasantly nod at other members. Wait till you are asked to sit. Have a positive body language.
Intelligent listing is the mantra, and for this maintaining eye contact is very important. You should not glare but all the same appear attentive and do not glance at other members, it can be very distracting for the interviewer. However if some other member asks you anything, look at that member and answer and turn back to the first - this is what we do in normal attentive listening.
Do not fidget or throw your hands around, or shake your head. Less amount of movement does not mean you should sit unnaturally stiff. Your posture should be attentive and relaxed at the same time. Do not crouch/bend forward or place your hands on the table.
Cut your answer short to the required patience shown by the member talking to you. They usually like to talk more, so listen carefully and think for a few seconds before you start answering the question. This will show that you are organising your thoughts in mind before starting to speak.
Leave some room for difference in opinion. Do take a stand, but do not look adamant or unwilling to appreciate the board's opinion.
Use couple of words from the question while answering any question. It shows you have listened to the question carefully. But at the same time limit the use the technical jargon.
Listen very carefully. Come to the central issue of the enquiry immediately. Wild guessing or speculation are a complete no no. Answer questions clearly and confidently.
Do not start evaluating your performance while still in the interview. Even if you have committed mistakes in the beginning, do not think that you have already lost the game. They are looking for warm, sensitive respectful and attentive youngsters. They know you are good or you would not have come so far.
Talk humbly about your achievements and hobbies. You may have mentioned some hobbies in the form without serious background in them, but before the interview it would be useful to pick up some basic info on the hobby.
Say less to convey more. Try not getting into long winded explanations and answer to the point.Less is more these days as per the minimalist creed. Argue logically and generalise correctly. Do not try to read too much between the lines.
Remember, while answering any question, what is easy to see is easy to miss. We often tend to miss the obvious and go for some non-crucial aspect of the subject.
Get up to leave only when the chairperson asks you to, not because you think everyone has asked a question. Similarly, even if someone has not asked a question and the chairperson asks you to leave then please leave. Some members do not ask questions at all, due to various reasons like limited time.
Before leaving politely thank the chairperson and nod at the others politely. Avoid saying "Have a good day sir". A "Thank you Sir/Madam" is enough.

Things To Be Avoided at the UPSC Interview

Avoid the expression, 'I am sorry.'
Avoid conversational cliches, like: 'as you know', 'that's correct', 'of course', 'indeed', 'obviously', etc.
Avoid technical jargon. However, if a member continues to probe you in any technical field, you can use technical expressions.
Maintain a cheerful disposition. Now and then you can appear serious; but most of the time keep smiling or look cheerful and composed. One caution here: if the board laughs, you should only smile. It is only when you maintain some amount of distance that the board begins to wonder about the depth of your personality.
Do not give long introductions. Come straight to the heart of the matter.
Show human concern whenever possible in your answers.
You should be logically consistent and analyse things rationally while talking. You are supposed to defend what you say, but with due respect to the views of the board. Stop trying to defend an answer if it becomes difficult to do so logically and fairly.
Do not make hasty or sweeping generalisations.

Indian Civil Service

2009-02-04T00:50:00.000-08:00

The Indian Civil Service serves as the backbone of India and carries great respect and responsibilities. India's best brains vie for entry into the Indian Civil Services as officers. Even though corporate jobs may offer the best of salaries and perks, a majority of youngsters and their parents still crave entry to the prestigious Indian Civil Services held by the UPSC. The very fact that a big share of every year's top posts in the civil services exams are bagged by professionals from various streams, shows that the IAS is still the dream job for many.

The Civil Services Examination is a challenge and thousands of candidates appear in it every year. As many students appear in the examination. To achieve success in the exam, it is important to study in a focused manner, both for the Preliminary as well as for the Main Exam. For an IAS aspirant, it is important to know the plan of the examination as well as what one might expect.

The examination consists of two parts: the Preliminary Examination (objective type), which is a qualifying examination, and a Main Examination consisting of written examination and interview. The marks obtained in the Preliminary Exam are not counted in the Main Exam and it is only a screening exam. The Preliminary Exam is an objective type test. One can appear in the Main Examination only after passing the Preliminary Exam. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) holds the Preliminary Examination in May/June and the Main Examination is held in October/November. The notification for the Preliminary Examination is published in December every year. The exam is held in many cities in India and one can opt for a centre near one's place so that unnecessary travel is avoided. The number of vacancies are 600-700 every year. Reservation is made for candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes.

How to Apply: Applications should be made in the prescribed format (the form is available from all leading Post offices) and sent to: Under Secretary (CSP), Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, New Delhi-110 011. A registration number is given as a token of receipt of the application. If a candidate does not receive an acknowledgement within 45 days, he is advised to contact the UPSC. Admission certificates and Roll Nos. are sent and if they are not received one month before the exam, the candidate should contact the UPSC. Communications to the UPSC should contain name of examination, registration no., name and postal address as given in the application.

15 Golden Tips

2008-12-02T21:36:00.000-08:00

The thought of writing a resume intimidates almost anyone. It's difficult to know where to start or what to include. It can seem like an insurmountable task. Here are 15 tips to help you not only tackle the task, but also write a winning resume.

Determine your job search objective prior to writing the resume. Once you have determined your objective, you can structure the content of your resume around that objective. Think of your objective as the bull's-eye to focus your resume on hitting. If you write your resume without having a clear objective in mind, it will likely come across as unfocused to those that read it. Take the time before you start your resume to form a clear objective.
Think of your resume as a marketing tool. Think of yourself as a product, potential employers as your customers, and your resume as a brochure about you. Market yourself through your resume. What are your features and benefits? What makes you unique? Make sure to convey this information in your resume.
Use your resume to obtain an interview, not a job. You don't need to go into detail about every accomplishment. Strive to be clear and concise. The purpose of your resume is to generate enough interest in you to have an employer contact you for an interview. Use the interview to provide a more detailed explanation of your accomplishments and to land a job offer.
Use bulleted sentences. In the body of your resume, use bullets with short sentences rather than lengthy paragraphs. Resumes are read quickly. This bulleted sentence format makes it easier for someone to quickly scan your resume and still absorb it.
Use action words. Action words cause your resume to pop. To add life to your resume, use bulleted sentences that begin with action words like prepared, developed, monitored, and presented.
Use #'s, Rs. and %'s. Numbers, dollars, and percentages stand out in the body of a resume. Use them. Here are two examples:
* Managed a department of 10 with a budget of Rs.1,000,000.
* Increased sales by 25% in a 15-state territory.
Lead with your strengths. Since resumes are typically reviewed in 30 seconds, take the time to determine which bullets most strongly support your job search objective. Put those strong points first where they are more apt to be read.
Play Match Game. Review want ads for positions that interest you. Use the key words listed in these ads to match them to bullets in your resume. If you have missed any key words, add them to your resume.
Use buzzwords. If there are terms that show your competence in a particular field, use them in your resume. For marketing people, use "competitive analysis." For accounting types, use "reconciled accounts."
Accent the positive. Leave off negatives and irrelevant points. If you feel your date of graduation will subject you to age discrimination, leave the date off your resume. If you do some duties in your current job that don't support your job search objective, leave them off your resume. Focus on the duties that do support your objective. Leave off irrelevant personal information like your height and weight.
Show what you know. Rather than going into depth in one area, use your resume to highlight your breadth of knowledge. Use an interview to provide more detail.
Show who you know. If you have reported to someone important such as a vice president or department manager, say so in your resume. Having reported to someone important causes the reader to infer that you are important.
Construct your resume to read easily. Leave white space. Use a font size no smaller than 10 point. Limit the length of your resume to 1-2 pages. Remember, resumes are reviewed quickly. Help the reader to scan your resume efficiently and effectively.
Have someone else review your resume. Since you are so close to your situation, it can be difficult for you to hit all your high points and clearly convey all your accomplishments. Have someone review your job search objective, your resume, and listings of positions that interest you. Encourage them to ask questions. Their questions can help you to discover items you inadvertently left off your resume. Revise your resume to include these items. Their questions can also point to items on your resume that are confusing to the reader. Clarify your resume based on this input.
Submit your resume to potential employers. Have the courage to submit your resume. Think of it as a game where your odds of winning increase with every resume you submit. You really do increase your odds with every resume you submit. Use a three-tiered approach. Apply for some jobs that appear to be beneath you. Perhaps they will turn out to be more than they appeared to be once you interview for them. Or perhaps once you have your foot in the door you can learn of other opportunities. Apply for jobs that seem to be just at your level. You will get interviews for some of those jobs. See how each job stacks up. Try for some jobs that seem like a stretch. That's how you grow -- by taking risks. Don't rule yourself out. Trust the process. Good luck in your job search!

How your Resume should look

2008-12-02T21:24:00.000-08:00

Resume Dos and Don'ts

When Preparing Your Resume ... Do:

* Tailor the resume to the opportunity by highlighting your qualifications and expertise that match specific job requirements.
* Accurately summarize the software and technologies that you are familiar with and how long you have used each one.
* Highlight your achievements by demonstrating the ways in which the projects you worked on affected the company's bottom line. Did they increase sales, broaden the customer base, enhance visibility, reach target markets or improve productivity?
* Clearly show areas where you have been given increased responsibility for a job well done.
* Include special recognition, awards and participation in relevant professional organizations.
* Proofread for errors. You can be screened out for not being detail-oriented.
* Review your resume with your references so they are up-to-date on your current accomplishments.
* Update your resume after every position or significant freelance assignment.

When Preparing Your Resume ... Don't:

* Misrepresent your education or experiences; one fabrication is often grounds for termination.
* Give reasons for termination or leaving a job.
* Include personal information such as your height, weight, Social Security number, social activities, and personal or religious philosophies.
* List references or state: "References available on request." The interviewer will assume that you will provide these contacts when asked.
* Use exact dates. Months and years are sufficient.
* Include your phone number or e-mail address at your current job unless your boss is aware of your intent to leave.
* List your high school education if you're a college graduate.
* Provide salary information in the resume. If the ad requests a salary range, include it in the cover letter. Otherwise, wait until the interview to discuss this issue.

Format for Scanning Resumes
Resume management systems scan your hardcopy resume into their databases for recruiters and hiring managers to search for new consultants. Guidelines to follow when sending hardcopy resumes that will be scanned include:

* Mail an original copy without folds or staples. A faxed resume may not scan.
* Left justify the entire document.
* Avoid graphics, italics, underlining, bold and shading.
* Save the file as "Text with Line Breaks," and put a hard return at the end of each line.
* Avoid tabs.
* Parenthesis, brackets, horizontal or vertical lines will not scan properly.
* Do not use compressed lines of print.
* Use a sans serif font in size 10-14.

If you are a new entrant in the job market, you need to perfect your resume before applying for your 1st job

Since you are fresh out of college, use your education as your strong point. Aggregate %, CGPA, accolades, club participation, etc. will be your focus.

"Do I really need a resume? What should I write in my resume?"
These are questions which worry every college graduate looking for his/her first job. Welcome to the real world! Yes you really need to make your resume and how you present yourself in that resume will go a long way towards getting you your first job.
It's a myth that resumes of entry-level graduates are unimportant because they lack the 'pull' of experience. Nothing could be further from the truth. Not only is a well-made resume important for every job seeker, it is more critical for entry level graduates. A resume is a mirror of your professional identity. A well-defined resume impresses a recruiter. A sloppy resume immediately proclaims the candidate to be sloppy.

Here are some do's and don'ts on what makes a great resume for graduates seeking entry-level positions in industry.

OBJECTIVE
One of the most frequently heard complaints made by recruiters about entry-level resumes is that they lack a specific objective. Resumes of fresh graduates have fuzzy, general objectives or no objective at all. Mentioning a specific objective is by far the most important feature of an entry- level resume. Without goal clarity you are bound to drown in the sea of mediocrity.

The only thing worse than the absence of an objective is a vague objective. Something like "My objective is to work with a dynamic company which will fully utilise my talents…" is a complete no-no! This objective is worthless because it gives the potential employer no idea about your goals or your direction.

Your objective should be clear, well-defined and short-not more than 10-12 words.. It should be aimed towards getting a particular position in a specific industry. Thus your objective should talk about the following:
1. Position wanted
2. Functional area
3. Industry wanted

Examples of good objectives:
Example 1: "Junior management position wanted in PROGRAMMING/ engineering field in IT industry.'
Example 2: GET in position in the manufacturing field.
Example 3: Entry level programmer in a software development company.
Example 4: Marketing position in the FMCG segment of a Multinational Company.
Example 5: Multimedia software development position. Open to Relocation.
Example 6: "A position as a Production supervisor with a petro-chemical company."

SUMMARY
Summary is the second most important factor that is conspicuous by its absence in resumes of entry-level graduates. It is a good idea to include a summary of your resume after having mentioned your objective. This sums up your resume in a nutshell and gives you an opportunity to highlight your strengths. It invites the recruiter to read your detailed resume. The summary should consist of 4-5 specific points-either bulleted or in one paragraph.

Sample Summary 1:

B.E (Computer Science) from IIT-Delhi, in 2000.
Course in Computers Database programmes Oracle 8I & VB6 from PENTASOFT in 2005.
Consistently good academic record.
Good analytical and communication skills.
Have worked on a curriculum project "XXX XXXXX XXXX"

Sample Summary 2:
"Masters in Computer Application with specialisation in J2EE/Web Technologies. Great operational, communication and computer skills. Good academic record throughout. Among the top three students out of a batch of 120 students. Undergone Industrial training in a top petrochemical Company.

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Most fresher resume doesn't suffer from space constraint . However it is a good idea to include only those educational and professionals qualifications which are relevant. Put your qualifications in a reverse chronological order. i.e. the recent ones first followed by earlier ones. Entry level resume should also mention the names of their school and college, years in which they passed their board examinations. However, include your marks only you have shown a good academic performance.

WORK EXPERIENCE
An entry- level resume cannot compete with resumes of experienced workers in the area of work experience. But don't forget to list internships, voluntary work and summer training that you have undertaken. How you present these is very important. Make sure you clearly define your duty and responsibilities during this training.
E.g.: "Worked as a summer trainee in India's largest Oil Refinery. I was working for the system control department. Wrote quality reports as well as ISO features for the company." Any projects done for your school or your college should also be mentioned.

DESIGN
Follow a simple design, which gives maximum information in the minimum number of pages. Use an easy to read and commonly used font like 'Times New Roman' or 'Verdana.' Limit your font size to 10-11. Do not underline heavily.

WORD USAGE
Simple language, lucid expression with good grammar is the thumb rule. Watch your tenses carefully. Use short and simple sentences. And never-ever make the mistake of using long words just to impress the recruiter. Flowery words are for speeches, keep them away from your resume.

OUCH! THE TRUTH HURTS
There are many things we would rather not write in our resumes. And while writing a resume the strong temptation to stretch the truth (or simply lie through our teeth) can be quite overpowering. But just stomp on the temptation. Most companies opt for a reference check during recruitment. Your resume is considered a legal document and fudging up small details may cause you great embarrassment in your career.
All right! so you've made yor resume. But this is not the time to sit back and relax. There are some important post-resume do's left.

CHECK, AND RE-CHECK!
The most important post resume step: Read and re-read your resume for any mistakes. Check the facts, the grammar, the spellings. After you have checked it, get you parents, friends, teachers to check it for you. One small mistake may cost you your job.

And finally...mom is right you know! Do not procrastinate over anything, specially making your resume. Most fresh graduates prefer to leave the unappealing task of resume making till the last minute i.e the day before their first interview. However, remember that making great resumes take time and effort. And the rewards will last you a lifetime

For Example:-

IT firms go slow on hiring from IITs

2008-12-02T21:19:00.000-08:00

Information technology firms appear to have lost their appeal at the Indian Institutes of Technology. Campus recruitment figures by major Indian and foreign IT firms have dipped this year, raising further concerns of an industry slowdown.

Firms like IBM, HCL [Get Quote], Hughes Software and CSC opted out of placements this year and hiring by firms like India's largest IT services provider Tata Consultancy Services [Get Quote], Infosys [Get Quote] and Wipro [Get Quote] has dropped.

Confirming the trend, a placement official from IIT Roorkee said: "While many companies say they have a particular number in mind and would recruit likewise, our alumni network at these companies informs us that these IT giants are exercising restraint in recruiting trainees due to a slowdown."

Agreed a placement official from IIT Kanpur: "Like every year, the institute offered the regular number of students to these IT companies for placements but they did not pick as many students."

Recruitment by IT companies at IIT Kanpur has gone down from 130 students in 2007 to 72 in 2008.

"Clients from IT firms are increasingly in the process of utilising their bench strength," said Monisha Advani, managing director, Randstad India, an HR consultancy firm.

With the US slowdown and rupee appreciating against the dollar for most of 2007-08, IT firms are under tremendous pressure to manage margins and costs. IT firms have been in the news recently with TCS, IBM India, Mphasis (an Electronic Data System company) and Yahoo! India asking several hundreds of employees to leave on grounds of "poor performance or non-performance".

"What we have been hearing these days is a clear case of skills mismatch. While non-linear growth is the way forward, it is something that will happen on a long-term basis. In the short term, IT firms will need to have volumes," said Sudin Apte, senior analyst and country head, Forrester India.

The companies, however, maintain with the boom in other sectors like investment banking and retail, and the urge to be entrepreneurs, IT firms are left with little option but to reduce their hiring from these institutes.

"Most students from IITs either want to get into hardcore research or prefer to go in for higher studies. Besides, other sectors also hire in big numbers from these institutes," says an executive from Wipro.

BACK TO THE FUTURE
IIT	IBM		TCS		Infosys		Wipro
IIT	'07	'08	'07	'08	'07	'08	'07	'08
IIT Madras	66	No students	8	13	6	7	6	1
IIT Roorkee	35	Cancels visit	35	25	21	6	14	5

The companies insist that they remain committed to their campus-hiring plans.

Kris Gopalakrishnan, CEO, Infosys, said: "Infosys recruits from 1,100 engineering colleges around the country. The number of students coming out of IITs is far too small - 5,000 - and some of them are going in for higher studies, getting into Research and Development, etc."

He added that Infosys had already made its campus commitments and will stick to them. "Anyway, we recruit just 30 to 40 per cent of our requirement from campuses," he added.

TCS, too, added over 28,000 employees in the current financial year, and has already made over 22,000 campus offers for the next year.

The IT major is also hiring over 2,000 science graduates this fiscal and it plans to increase this to 3,000 in the next fiscal.

Gautam Sinha, chief executive officer of TVA Infotech, a recruitment consultant for IT companies, said signs of a real slowdown would be best indicated by campus hiring, which is expected in June when big companies recruit at campuses in large numbers.

"I am keeping my fingers crossed," he added...

Barclays to Shift 10,800 Jobs to India

2008-10-11T02:40:00.000-07:00

April 23 (Bloomberg) -- Barclays Plc plans to shift 10,800 jobs to India and other low-wage countries, betting reduced costs will help win support for its acquisition of ABN Amro Holdings NV, the world's largest financial services takeover.

Barclays, Britain's third-largest bank, will also slash about 12,800 jobs to pare expenses by 2.8 billion euros ($3.8 billion), the banks said in a statement today. Barclays, based in London, today agreed to buy ABN Amro for 67 billion euros.

Salaries in insurance, banking and finance in India may rise 16.5 percent this year, driving the fastest wage growth in Asia, according to Hewitt Associates Inc. Aviva Plc, HSBC Holdings Plc and Standard Chartered Plc have hired back-office staff in India, where a financial analyst costs as little as a quarter of counterparts in Europe, Paul Abraham, managing director of ABN's global support unit, said last month.

``Despite the high salary increases year-on-year, Hewitt research suggests that talent cost arbitrage vis-a-vis the U.S. still exists,'' said Nishchae Suri, head of Asia Pacific analytics consulting, at Hewitt Associates. ``India has a vast talent pool that is of superior quality.''

Barclays Chief Executive Officer John Varley said today the bank will move workers to ``low-cost'' locations including India, without elaborating. ABN Amro, which employs about 4,000 back- office workers in six offices in Mumbai, Chennai and New Delhi, plans to hire as many as 2,000 more people by March, Lars Gustavsson, global head of the services unit, said on March 15.

India to Brazil

Barclays's acquisition of Amsterdam-based ABN Amro will create a bank with about 217,000 employees and 47 million customers stretching from India to Brazil. Barclays plans to slash almost 6 percent of the combined workforce, excluding Chicago-based LaSalle Bank. In a related deal today, ABN Amro agreed to sell LaSalle to Bank of America Corp.

``Part of the expected staff reduction will be through establishing shared services and offshoring those positions to low-cost locations, such as India where new staff will be recruited at ABN Amro's existing'' operations, the banks said in the statement. ``The reduction in staff is a necessary part of the envisaged synergies from the combination of the two banks.''

The Barclays and ABN Amro combine will have to compete for talent in the world's second-most populous nation.

Standard Chartered has about 5,100 employees in India that serve its operations across 56 countries and plans to double the number in three years.

HSBC plans to increase its workforce in India to 30,000 next year from 22,000, Naina Lal Kidwai, the bank's chief executive in the country, said in October. About 12,000 are employed at a customer-contact center, 3,000 at an information technology center and 7,000 to support its branches in India.

Hiring Talent

The world's biggest companies are hiring more people in Asia's fourth-largest economy because Indian professionals, especially those in middle and junior management roles, still earn less than a fifth of their peers in the U.S. and the U.K., Sharad Vishvanath of Hewitt Associates said in March.

The Indian School of Business, based in the southern city of Hyderabad, said salary offers from companies in India rose at a faster pace this year than wages paid by overseas companies.

The institute said 414 of its students this year were hired by overseas financial services companies including Citigroup Inc. and Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and local employers such as Infosys Technologies Ltd.

The students got an average overseas salary of $135,000 a year in 2007, compared with $120,700 in 2006. The average salary offered by companies in India rose to 1.5 million rupees ($35,971), compared with 1.18 million rupees last year.

`War for Talent'

``The war for talent is becoming increasingly fierce in India,'' said Hewitt Associates' Suri. ``India will still maintain the cost advantage over its Western counterparts.''

India's $854 billion economy has grown an average 8.6 percent since 2003, making it the fastest accelerating major economy in the world after China. The country turns out four times the number of technical workers produced by the U.S., according to a study by New Delhi-based National Association of Software and Service Companies and McLean, Virginia-based Booz Allen Hamilton Inc.

``If a company is looking to hire a large workforce, say a thousand or more, the choices are few. It has to look at India or China,'' E. Balaji, chief operating officer, Ma Foi Consultants Ltd., said in an interview earlier this month. ``India's transparent legal system and its workers' fluency in English often give the country an edge.''

India may add 1 million jobs this year, compared with 850,000 in 2006, Balaji said. The banking and finance sector will account for the biggest chunk, about 16 percent, he said.

India’s broadband breakthrough

2008-10-11T02:25:00.000-07:00

Ericsson has launched the Gramjyoti Rural Broadbrand Project, an initiative that aims to introduce mobile broadband applications to 18 villages and 15 towns near Chennai, India.

The communities will be provided with high-speed internet using WCDMA/HSPA technology, which allows them to access services such as telemedicine, e-education, e-governance, online local information, voice and video call services, and live TV and entertainment.

According to Ericsson, among the people who will benefit from the technology are more than 3,000 high school students, who will be able to take e-learning courses.

Mats Granryd, managing director of Ericsson India, said: ‘Ericsson aims to help India's rural population get first-hand experience of broadband applications. This project will provide communities with access to meaningful broadband services for the first time. Building an efficient and affordable WCDMA/HSPA rural broadband can help serve as a blueprint for the widespread introduction of internet and broadband connectivity in the future.’

The project location was chosen because Ericsson believes it reflects the typical telecom profile of rural India, where many families have access to a mobile phone but limited or no access to fixed telephones.

The Gramjyoti Project is supported by a number of partners, including Apollo Hospitals, Edurite, CNN and Cartoon Network.

IT firms to Campus recruits: Don't join yet.

2008-09-04T23:15:00.000-07:00

BANGALORE: If you think you've cleared a campus interview by an IT firm and your career's made, you might be mistaken. You could be one among over 100,000 campus IT recruits hired last year to be put on "indefinite wait". Domestic and multinational IT companies are busy sending such bulk mails to candidates hired last year, who would have joined them in the April-June quarter.

"The industry is under stress due to the US recession and rupee appreciation. So we have taken a decision to stagger the induction of hundreds of our campus recruits. It makes financial and logical sense for us," said the head of training & hiring in a tier 1 tech firm who did not want to be named.

The wait for many could range from a quarter to a year, while for at least 30% it could be for ever. "That means, some may not even be called at all," said an industry source.

Kris Lakshmikanth, MD of recruitment firm Head Hunters, said things looked fairly bright at the beginning of the year. "But now, employers are keen to get rid of their bulges and benches."

‘Benches' include employees who do not currently have any work but wait in the expectation they would be offered work as fresh orders come in.

Saraswathi Venkateswaran, president, CEO Search (India), said recession in the US had transmitted shockwaves to providers in India. Orders are expected to slow down substantially. "This has forced them to resort to instant cost-cutting measures. Induction and training are pretty expensive."

In IT, people costs are over 40%, as against less than 10% in manufacturing and 20-25% in retail, banking and telecom, said Ahmed Ali, MD, Cornucopia, a recruitment process outsourcing firm. A few quarters ago, companies were vying with each other to mop up freshers from campuses across the country. "All these were futuristic hirings. The industry has now realized that the margins are shrinking. Many of them already have a large army of one-to-three-year-experience talent on board. So many are delaying or putting a stop to fresh hiring this year," said Gautham Sinha, CEO, TVA Infotech.

"There is reason to be apprehensive. But this staggering is mostly precautionary. Some tech firms are even planning not to fill their vacancies," said Anjan Dutta, vice president (staffing) in Cambridge Solutions.

More engineering students in India than in the US

2008-09-04T23:08:00.000-07:00

Chandigarh: There are more students pursuing engineering in India than in the US. Also there are more women engineers in India. This was revealed by a delegation from the American Society of Engineering Education that visited Punjab Engineering College.

Citing the reasons for this Barbara M Olds, the Associate Vice-President for Educational Innovation at Colorado School of Mines, and representative of Society of Women Engineers said that in US most of the students start feeling in 8th grade that they do not like maths and science. They leave these subjects, so there is no question of them becoming engineers.

"In the first two years, only preparatory courses are taught. It is in the third year that the students get a flavour of what engineering is. By that time half of them want to quit." she says.

Kalpana Jain, Vice-President Academic Affairs, Vaughn College feels that the women want to work in those fields where they feel that they are serving people directly. They do not see this connection in engineering.
The group is here to focus on programmes of faculty development, curriculum, research and entrepreneurship. The aim is to improve engineering education at a global level.

Prof Krishna Vedula from University of Massachusetts observed that the number of engineering colleges in India were more than those in US. But going by that proportion qualified faculty available here was less. In order to retain good faculty pay scales should be competitive.

The representatives felt that they have a special connection with PEC as it was astronaut Kalpana Chawla's alma mater. (Ludhiana Newsline)

TRAINING MATTERS: Technical personnel need to know the latest developments in their field.

2008-07-20T00:42:00.000-07:00

The impact of engineering outsourcing on the global economy is a discussion of keen interest. Consistent reporting of problematic engineering graduation data has been used to fuel fears that the U.S. is losing its technological edge. Typical articles have stated that in 2004 the U.S. graduated roughly 70,000 undergraduate engineers, while China graduated 600,000 and India 350,000. Our study has determined that the comparison is inaccurate, or tells only part of the story.

The commonly quoted numbers are based on reports issued by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) in India. However, the statistics have included not only four-year degrees, but also three-year degrees and diploma holders. These numbers have been compared against the annual production of accredited four-year engineering degrees in the U.S. Additionally, these numbers include not only engineers in traditional disciplines, but also IT specialists and technicians.

Here, we will present a clearer analysis of the number of engineering and engineering related degrees awarded annually by the U.S., India and China. We will define the term "engineer" and the various degree options that exist. We will then offer what we believe is a more accurate and balanced comparison between the numbers of engineering, computer science and information technology degrees awarded in the three countries.

The outsourcing debate has been complicated due to conflicting definitions of the engineering profession. Within academic and professional settings, an engineer is defined as a person capable of using scientific knowledge to solve real-world problems. However, this definition makes it difficult to count engineering populations. In the U.S., the following definitions have been used in various surveys and reports: an individual working in an engineering occupation; an individual's highest or most recent degree; anyone with an engineering degree or occupation.

Through our research, we have identified two main groups of engineering graduates: dynamic and transactional. Dynamic engineers are individuals capable of abstract thinking and high-level problem-solving using scientific knowledge. They thrive in teams, work well across international borders, have strong interpersonal skills, and are capable of translating technical engineering jargon into common diction. They lead innovation. The majority of dynamic engineers have a minimum of a four-year engineering degree from nationally accredited or highly regarded institutions.

Transactional engineers may possess engineering fundamentals, but not the experience or expertise to apply this knowledge to larger problems. They are typically responsible for rote and repetitive tasks. They often receive associate, technician or diploma awards rather than a bachelor's degree. These sub-baccalaureate degrees can be obtained in less than four years, but more than one. Most highly accredited universities in China, India and the U.S. stress the importance of a four-year education.

For instance, master's programmes within the U.S. will not admit students with three-year bachelor's degrees unless they have also completed a one-year post-graduate diploma from an AIU or an AICTE-approved institution. Sub-baccalaureate degrees normally are granted at lower-tier institutions that lack the research facilities, dedicated faculty and budgets of accredited universities. Data analysed.

In this study, we obtained data from the Ministry of Education in China, NASSCOM and the U.S. Department of Education's National Centre for Educational Statistics (NCES). NASSCOM's 2004 Strategic Report estimates that 215,000 engineering graduates were produced in 2004. Of this number, 112,000 received four-year bachelor's degrees, while the remaining 103,000 received three-year degrees.

According to this projection, 84.8 per cent of India's four-year engineering graduates received IT-related engineering degrees. Today, almost one-third of the globe's science and engineering researchers are employed by the U.S., 35 percent of science and engineering articles are published within the U.S. and it accounts for 40 per cent of the world's R&D expenditure.

Over the past two years, politicians, statisticians and policy makers have asked how much longer the U.S. can maintain its technological edge when other nations with greater populations are producing more and more scientists and engineers. Many have argued that the U.S. is actively fuelling this process by outsourcing science and engineering jobs overseas.

There is no answer to what the future holds. It is clear that the U.S. is not in the desperate state that is routinely portrayed. Outsourcing creates a clear threat to certain professions and it is likely that this trend will continue. It seems that the jobs of transactional engineers are easily outsourced and are routinely being taken by low paid engineers in countries such as India and China.

However, the outsourcing of high-level engineering and IT professions is another story. These jobs often require specialised dynamic engineers: individuals with strong interpersonal skills, technical knowledge and the ability to communicate across borders.

The majority of engineers in outsourced professions hold a four-year degree. One could argue that approximately half of China's and India's annual engineering and IT graduates are capable of competing in the global outsourcing environment. However, a recent McKinsey study argues that this estimate is far too generous and that only 10 per cent of Chinese and 25 per cent of Indian engineers can compete.

McKinsey attributed these figures to limited language proficiency, educational quality, cultural issues, job accessibility and the attractiveness of domestic non-outsourced jobs. So, the real threat to the United States' science and technology economy exists in a subset of the China/India engineering populations.

Foreign dynamic engineers trained by accredited universities with high language proficiencies and proximity to their country's industrial and commercial centres are the most likely to compete with U.S.-based engineers for offshore jobs, and they also will be central to innovation drives in their domestic economies.

INDIA'S SOFTWARE DREAM RUN IS FAR FROM OVER

2008-07-20T00:37:00.000-07:00

It's a lament one often hears nowadays: Indian software programmers, those global icons of cheap brainpower, have become greedy.

With compensation costs in the Indian software industry climbing 12.5 percent annually the past two years, some investors are now concerned about how long the country can hold on to its most promising industry.

“If salaries continue to escalate,'' Promod Haque, managing partner of Palo Alto, California-based Norwest Venture Partners, recently said, “China is more attractive to us as venture capitalists, Israel is more attractive to us, and Eastern Europe is more attractive to us.”

That's perhaps too gloomy a view. India is far too ahead in the game to face a serious challenge any time soon. Out of the $40 billion of software ``outsourced'' globally last year, 44 percent went to India. China and Eastern Europe got less than 5 percent each, according to statistics reported this month by India's National Association of Software and Service Companies, or Nasscom.

“With so much research and development and engineering design, wages may not be a problem,'' says S. Sadagopan, director of the Indian Institute of Information Technology in Bangalore, ``as long as productivity and the value of work done are high.''

According to Nasscom's statistics, the 697,000 people employed in the Indian software industry had an average revenue productivity of about $23,000 in the 12 months ended March 31, a 7 percent increase from a year earlier.

WILL IT BRING ABOUT CHANGES IN CAMPUS CALENDAR?

2008-07-18T05:08:00.000-07:00

Your next-door neighbour's son is ecstatic. He has an offer letter from one of India's top software services firms. The only puzzling factor is, he is expected to join only by the end of September. That is more than three months away. And before you can get over this puzzle, he tells you some of his friends have been given dates that are much later than his!

Surprising? No. IT companies are always in the news with the number of people they hire through the year. Some of them hire huge numbers straight out of engineering colleges. But their training and other infrastructure can support only so many at a time. Hence the system of staggered induction.

But companies want this to change. They want to be able to meet manpower demand across the year and want to make more efficient use of their training infrastructure.

And to the employee fresh out of college, it could mean three more months' salary, in the least.

The solution? Companies now want the academic system to throw up two batches graduating every year: one as usual in summer and one in December.

Says Bhaskar Das, Vice-President, Human Resources, Cognizant Technology Solutions, "We are talking to select academic institutions that are open to the idea of having two batches coming out every year."

He declined to comment on the identity of those institutions, but added that it was easier for the industry to deal with autonomous institutes.

In fact, Infosys Technologies has already written to the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). According to Mohandas Pai, Chief Financial Officer, Infosys, "We have raised the issue with the AICTE to have two batches graduating during the year like the ICAI. India needs this kind of flexibility."

But it's not as if it's mayhem with the current system though. Says Laxman Badiga, Chief Executive Officer for Talent Transformation & Staffing, Wipro Technologies, "We have built our model around the existing scholastic year and are able to manage the influx, through a combination of staggered joining dates and by building infrastructure to manage the training of large numbers of people. Colleges currently have completion dates ranging from June through August and September, which allows us to phase in our new employees."

Get free UBUNTU 7.10 CD

2008-05-10T05:54:00.000-07:00

Thats true a free Ubuntu CD straight from UK to India . i am not joking just check the link below and enjoy. Though I am a big fan of Windows and its free in India (Almost everyone has a pirated copy) but learning something new has always attracted me.

You can also get Ubuntu free from https://shipit.ubuntu.com/

Today, I have received my free copy of Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon) which I have ordered from HERE 3 weeks ago.

As with previous versions, Ubuntu ships as a “live CD,” which allows you to boot from your CD drive and test Ubuntu without affecting your existing system. If you have decided to commit to Ubuntu, just click “Install.” Then Ubuntu will lead you through the installation process and the entire installation process took me about 20 minutes on a pretty old system without monitor. (Pentium 2.4 GHZ, 512RAM, 80GB HDD, NIC).

What's Exciting About Manufacturing?

2008-04-26T08:10:00.000-07:00

Trends in college admissions also point to a surge of excitement in manufacturing careers. Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology (VNIT), Nagpur, has just raised the number of seats in the BTech Metallurgy programme by 50 per cent. This is in response to a massive recruitment of metallurgy students by the Aditya Birla Group, Bharat Forge and Tata Motors. NITC plans to double the number of seats in engineering streams like chemical, electrical, and electronics. �The government has realised that the manufacturing sector can no longer be ignored if India has to be made a globally competitive nation. And we see the changing scenario in colleges too,� says V. Krishnamurthy, chairman, National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council.

But why are students suddenly excited about engineering jobs? There are several compelling reasons. But at the core, the very nature of shop floor jobs has undergone a radical transformation.

Earlier, engineers were programmed to take a task-based approach. They were measured largely on the quantum of production. For example, how many cars or buses or tonnes of steel they produced. That is now giving way to a problem- or a challenge-based approach. Jobs on the shop floor are no longer about how many units of production you churn out. They are about innovation � in terms of product offerings, process efficiency, value engineering, cost reduction, etc. About 60 per cent of Tata Motors� employees have already moved away from task-based roles into challenge-based mode. �Innovation is now at the very core of a manufacturing job. The scope for innovation is more in manufacturing jobs than in the services sector. Engineers get excited about innovation. They want to get involved in it,� says Praveen Kadle, executive director (finance & corporate affairs), Tata Motors.

That�s why Tata Motors changed the way it runs its shop floors. A typical car or truck plant would have many production units such as an engine shop, a gearbox plant, a press shop, etc. Each would then have smaller units within them. Traditionally, the team members of each unit would only focus on numbers produced. But now, Tata Motors has empowered the teams. Each is responsible for cost, quality, shop maintenance, etc., with deliverables in each. The head of each unit is expected to run it like a mini company within a company. This holistic responsibility excites the team.

This has also created more responsibilities for younger employees. The average age of the employee who heads such units is between 27 and 30 years. Engineers with only five years� experience can aspire to such responsibilities.

That�s unprecedented in the manufacturing sector. But more and more companies now dare to break conventional practices. They want to increase the excitement in manufacturing jobs. Nothing illustrates this better than Hitori Yatai Seisan or the Single Workman Station, at Larsen & Toubro�s (L&T) electrical engineering division.

The moving assembly line has been a fundamental manufacturing practice. Each worker performs one particular task in the production of a component. There may be a handful, a dozen or even hundreds of workers in a line � but each will have only one task to perform in the entire production process. No individual can take full ownership of the product.

But L&T figured that employees would relish the challenge of complete responsibility for a product. So, it introduced this concept in air circuit breakers. It did away with the assembly line and asked workers to assemble the product fully. The worker now has full ownership � he makes the product from start to finish. Every air circuit breaker also has a serial number � this is as good as branding it with the name of the worker. �Ever since we introduced the concept of the Single Workman Station, our productivity has increased as the employee has a sense of ownership for the final product. This is a great motivation,� says R.N. Mukhija, president (operations), L&T. Such practices are rewriting the very DNA of manufacturing jobs.

Existing jobs are becoming more exciting. Newer and richer job profiles are also emerging. �There is a lot of innovation and a shift of emphasis to research and development (R&D). There are new kinds of jobs being created in the sector,� says Gangapriya Chakraverti, business leader (human capital product solutions), Mercer Human Resource Consulting. The newer jobs are being created in three broad categories: pure research, engineering design and new product development.

Difference between Seminar and Project

2008-04-26T07:58:00.000-07:00

A seminar is, generally, a form of academic instruction, either at a university or offered by a commercial or professional organization. It has the function of bringing together small groups for recurring meetings, focusing each time on some particular subject, in which everyone present is requested to actively participate. This is often accomplished through an ongoing Socratic dialogue with a seminar leader or instructor, or through a more formal presentation of research. Normally, participants must not be beginners in the field under discussion (at a university, seminar classes are generally reserved for upper-year students). The idea behind the seminar system is to familiarise students more extensively with the methodology of their chosen subject and also to allow them to interact with examples of the practical problems that always crop up during research work. It is essentially a place where assigned readings are discussed, questions can be raised and debates conducted. It is relatively informal, at least compared to the lecture system of academic instruction.

The word Project comes from the Latin word projectum from projicere, "to throw something forwards" which in turn comes from pro-, which denotes something that precedes the action of the next part of the word in time (paralleling the Greek πρό) and jacere, "to throw". The word "project" thus actually originally meant "something that comes before anything else is done". When the word was initially adopted, it referred to a plan of something, not to the act of actually carrying this plan out. Something performed in accordance with a project was called an object. This use of "project" changed in the 1950s when several techniques for project management were introduced: with this advent the word slightly changed meaning to cover both projects and objects. However in certain projects there may still exist so called objects and object , reflecting the older use of the words.

100 Most used Keyboard Shortcuts

2008-03-24T19:10:00.000-07:00

CTRL+C (Copy)
CTRL+X (Cut)
CTRL+V (Paste)
CTRL+Z (Undo)
DELETE (Delete)
SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
CTRL+A (Select all)
F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu)
Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
F5 key (Update the active window)
BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
ESC (Cancel the current task)
SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)
Dialog Box Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
TAB (Move forward through the options)
SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
F1 key (Display Help)
F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)
m*cro$oft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
END (Display the bottom of the active window)
HOME (Display the top of the active window)
NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)
Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
UP ARROW (Move up one row)
DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
END (Move to the end of the line)
CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)
m*cro$oft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
CTRL+N (Open a new console)
CTRL+S (Save the open console)
CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
CTRL+W (Open a new window)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
ALT+F4 (Close the console)
ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
ALT+V (Display the View menu)
ALT+F (Display the File menu)
ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)
MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
F2 key (Rename the selected item)
CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)
Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
CTRL+ALT+END (Open the m*cro$oft Windows NT Security dialog box)
ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
m*cro$oft Internet Explorer Navigation
CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box, the same as CTRL+L)
CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
CTRL+W (Close the current window)

TYPICAL QUESTIONS THAT AN INTERVIEWER WOULD ASK

2008-03-22T21:33:00.000-07:00

1.Tell me about yourself
The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short statement prepared in your mind. Be careful that it does not sound rehearsed. Limit it to work/Study-related items unless instructed otherwise. Talk about things you have done well at your college and how you wanted to perform in the first job.

2. Why Should We Employ You?
For this question, your answer should list out strengths that you feel are relevant to the job. Given below are some answers which could help you with your answers. However, structure them to suit your requirements.

I have good co-ordination skills
Good analytical skills
I can persuade people to see my point of view, and get the work done
My greatest asset is my ability to motivate people
Even during emergencies, I do not loose my cool
I have good entrepreneurial skills
I have consistently met my deadlines and targets
Can say “no” to people when required to do so!
I am very co-operative with my sub-ordinates, and would like to see them grow
I am a good team player
I am very flexible, and have the ability to work hard under difficult work conditions
I have the experience and knowledge relevant to this job (Here, give appropriate details and examples)

3. Do You Have Offers From Other Companies ?
This is of course a difficult question to answer. Obviously, you must have applied to other companies if you are looking for a job or would have some offers from other companies already. Therefore, do not lie that you have not. However, you are on thin ice here! The interviewer could be checking your honesty. On the other hand, he/she may also be trying to find out how focused you are - are you applying randomly, or is there a well-planned strategy?
Whatever your answer, it should match your career goals.

4. What Salary Are You Expecting?
Try not to get into salary details early in the interview. If pressed, you could say that it all depends on the job, and would like to talk about it after a job offer. Say this in a convincing tone. In case you are asked this question in your latter interviews, give a direct answer. Do not sound apologetic while quoting the figure you have in mind.

SALARY EXPECTATIONS :

1. How much do you expect?
If you have done your homework, you would know how much other people in similar jobs are paid. Quote the range upfront.

2. How much do you think you are worth?
Work out how much you should be paid, given the market value of the job and your skills. If you can bring some extra skills to the table, do not hesitate to ask for more than the market value.

3. What kind of a culture are you comfortable with?
It is better to be frank about your preferences. Your interviewer will get a clear idea about your expectations.

4. Which is more important to you-salary, perks or growth opportunities?
This one will reveal the real you. So be sure what you are going to say. Above all, be true to yourself. If you think this is a negotiation move, then say clearly that you will never sell yourself short.

5. What do you know about our company?
Do not give your opinions about the company. Stick to reported facts that you have gathered from newspapers and so on. Talk about the product portfolio, size, income, and market perceptions of the company. Also it is better to refer details about each company before going for the interview from Freshersworld.com or PlacementWeek.com

6. Why should we choose you over someone else?
Talk clearly about problems that you have solved in your College/Project Team and highlight the quality required.

6. Your qualifications are excellent, but you may be overqualified for the position we have to offer?
Point out that more experience can never be a drawback. If you are multi-skilled, then highlight the fact that a company on the fast-track needs multi-skilled people. It needs people within different departments to work together. Also emphasise that the company's future growth will be an exponential function of your experience.

QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD ASK :

Interviewers usually round off by giving you an opportunity to ask questions. Treat it like a welcome opportunity.
You could ask questions like.
a) Tell me about your company.
b) Now that I have outlined my career goals, do you think you can offer me the opportunities I need?
c) What kind of training and learning can I expect in your company?
d) Describe the work culture and the management style of your company?
e) What is the long-term vision of your company?

As a fresher, current position and status can impact the way you are interviewed. Fresh Out of College

The basis on which you will be judged is your academic background, family background, and interests.
If looking for your first job, ensure that your previous experience, even if it is part-time, is noticed.
Mention projects or responsibilities you may have undertaken. This will indicate your area of aptitude.
You should be willing to put in regular hours, in line with the company's policies. The interviewer needs to know whether you can be punctual and put in full-time work.
In case you have applied for the post of management trainee, you should display an ability to adapt, and indicate all-round interests. Moreover, you should have good interpersonal skills.
You should be enthusiastic to learn, and show commitment towards the organization, as the company will be spending a lot on your training.

Bring with you :
a) Copies of your resumes
b) References and letters of recommendations.

First Impressions :
There is a common saying that minds are made up within the first 5 minutes of an interview. So keep in mind these important first impression indicators. Walk in the door as if you already work there, carry yourself as though you feel perfectly comfortable with the situation. Arrive on time or a little early. In the waiting area, politely tell the receptionist who you are meeting and in a friendly way, ask where you should sit. Take slow, deep breaths to help you remain calm and focused. When introduced to the interviewer, have a firm, but not painful, handshake. Smile. Have good posture when sitting or standing. Introduce yourself in a relaxed, confident manner. Have a well-groomed, professional appearance. Project a feeling of confidence. Bring extra copies of your resume, some thing to write on and something to write with.

Salient Feature of Vedic Maths

2008-03-16T00:21:00.000-07:00

It helps a person to solve mathematical problems 10-15 times faster.
It helps in Intelligent Guessing
It reduces burden (need to learn tables up to 9 only)
It is a magical tool to reduce scratch work and finger counting
It increases concentration.
Being Unique it brings instant recognition to its practitioner

Make ur RAM work better

2008-03-16T00:19:00.000-07:00

Clean ur RAM & Make Your Comp Speed Better

Clean Ur RAM

U may recognize that ur system gets slower and slower when playing and working a lot with ur pc. That's cause ur RAM is full of remaining progress pieces u do not need any more.
So create a new text file on ur desktop and call it .. "RAMcleaner" or something...

Type
FreeMem=Space(256000000)
in this file and save it as RAMcleaner.vbs [ You may choose the "All Files" option when u save it ]

Run the file and ur RAM may be cleaned :>
Of course u can edit the code in the file for a greater "cleaning-progress".

FreeMem=Space(5120000000)

just try it out..

Trick to show your name in taskbar

2008-03-15T20:39:00.000-07:00

Here is a trick to add your name in place of AM and PM beside time in the taskbar.

It's simple

Goto Start -> Control Panel -> Regional and Language option -> Customize (beside English US) -> Go to TIME tab -> Change AM symbol and PM symbol from AM and PM to your name -> Apply -> Ok ...IS it changed ??? May be not ...

Now go to time in taskbar and Double Click it to open "Date and time property" ...
Look at the place where time changes in digital format i.e. 02:47:52 AM , click to arrow to chage the AM or PM by selecting and press arrow.
Apply -> OK.

It will Show your name!!

Danger of "CTRL+C" on web

2008-03-15T20:28:00.000-07:00

We do copy various data by ctrl+c for pasting elsewhere. This copied data is stored in clipboard and is accessible from the net by a combination of Javascripts and ASP.Just try this:

1) Copy any text by 'ctrl+c'

2) Do not keep sensitive data (like passwords, reditcard numbers, PIN etc.) in the clipboard while surfing the web. It is extremely easy to extract the text stored in the clipboard to steal your sensitive information.

To avoid Clipboard Hack Problem, do the following:

1) In Internet Explorer, Go to Tools -> Internet options -> Security

2) Press Custom level.

3) In the security settings, select disable under Allow paste operations via script and click on OK. (Now the contents of your clipboard are safe.)

Way Of Answering in Interview

2008-03-15T20:23:00.000-07:00

You can never predict every question that you will encounter, so approach the interview with an inventory of important points. Make a list of the points about yourself that you want the interviewer to know. For example, if you were to apply for a job as a Sales Representative, you might want to list the products you have sold before, types of customers (by industry, age, etc.), languages spoken, personal experience in that industry and related knowledge (perhaps from your academic program).

Consider each question an opportunity to provide some of this information. Don't assume anything. You will be evaluated on your answers, not your resume. Therefore, ensure you incorporate the relevant information from your resume in your answers.

Be very positive. Don't complain about anything - from your former employer to the weather - and don't apologize for experience that you don't have. Just sell what you do have and let the employer decide if you have what he/she is looking for. Also, avoid negative words.

Seven Commandments for Success in Campus Interviews :

2008-03-15T20:14:00.000-07:00

Campus Interview … Hmm… is what one looks forward to with enthusiasm, fear and excitement towards the beginning of the final year .

For some it's a make or break, atleast that's the way it's looked at and for some it's a matter of pride. The constant thought in one's mind is - what shall make this click! What is it that the interviewer is looking in me!

Here's what we look for when we visit the various campuses. This by no means is an exhaustive list but is a good indication of the expectations and the mean s to meet these. Freshersworld.com present you the 7-Commandments.

1. Know Thyself

Not everyone is good in each and every field. Each one of us has our fortes and weaknesses too. But that's not a stumbling block! What we look for are people who know their area of specialization and are an expert in it. Therefore, it pays to be a master in some fields if not the jack of all.

The most common mistakes many make is to profess knowing a field of which they know little about. Remember that huge and bulky resumes are as tough to read as they are to make. So, identify your skill set, and keep your resumes simple and straight. Know your limits and polish on your strengths.

2. Testing What You Know and NOT What You Don't.

Many interviewers may ask the student the subjects that she/he wishes to be interviewed upon. Eureka !! Here's a golden opportunity. Answer this wisely! Never end up choosing a difficult subject that you know only little about, rather choose the one you are most confident of.

3. Rack Your Brain - Analyze

The interview is not just limited to testing your knowledge base, but we are also interested in knowing your ability to apply it. Often questions that need to be solved then and there are asked. Now keep in mind - the right answer is not the only thing being looked at. The focus area is also the way in which you attack the problem i.e. approach to problem solving is equally important.

So, remember to put your thinking caps on!

4. Ask for Help!

Murphy chooses to strike at the appropriate time! In spite of the fact that you may know something very well, it might just slip your mind. After all, heavy preparation does takes its toll. Who better to ask for help than the poser of the question (of course, don't try this too often!)!

Remember the interviewer is not there to grill the confidence out of you, but to bring forth the best in. Just in case you are stuck, ask for a hint. Things might just click. Also, stay alert for clues.

5. What are your biggest accomplishments

You may like to begin your reply with: "Although I feel my biggest achievements are still ahead of me, I am proud of my involvement with……I made my contribution as part of that team and learnt a lot in the process".

It will be a good idea to close your answer with also specifying what attributes and circumstances made you succeed.

6. Be Calm, have Clear Verbal and Sound Non-Verbal Communication

Calmness shows emotional maturity. True, being calm in a job interview is a difficult proposition, but then that is where it is required! Calmness does not imply being unenthusiastic or apathetic during the interview, but knowing that you are nervous and not letting it come in the way. A clear verbal communication implies clarity of the thought process.

One should also watch out for the impressions made in non-verbal communication. Body language and facial expressions can assist you in establishing a good rapport with the interviewer. Pauses, silences and gestures may all indicate what you mean, understand, or would like to emphasize.

7. Two-Way Exchange Process

The interview process is a two-way exchange of information. Make sure you also understand about the company, its activities, job requirements. The company is in need for good candidates and you need a good company to launch your career.

Interview is an opportunity to present yourself and your skills to your best advantage. Make sure you make the most out of it. And YOU are the best one to do it!!

How To Make A Website Look Crazy

2008-03-15T07:00:00.000-07:00

Code to make any website look crazy.
1. Open a website.

2. Clear the "Address Bar"

3. Paste following in the address bar

javascript:R=0; x1=.1; y1=.05; x2=.25; y2=.24; x3=1.6; y3=.24; x4=300; y4=200; x5=300; y5=200; DI=document.images; DIL=DI.length; function A(){for(i=0; i-DIL; i++){DIS=DI[ i ].style; DIS.position='absolute'; DIS.left=Math.sin(R*x1+i*x2+x3)*x4+x5; DIS.top=Math.cos(R*y1+i*y2+y3)*y4+y5}R++}setInterval('A()',5); void(0);

Press enter and enjoy.
P.S: Work best on web page with many pictures.

MacBook Air -Apples New Notebook

2008-03-15T06:55:00.001-07:00

The wait is over.MacBook Air is in the air now as Steve Jobs unveiled according to him, "world’s thinnest notebook."
As it used to happen with other thin notebook this doesn’t compromise on keyboard, display or speed! With 13.3" display, full size keyboard, 2 GB Memory and Intel Core 2 Duo processor everyone will have to answer Yes to Steve Jobs question "Isn’t it great?" which he asked at the end of keynote! One step ahead forget about compromising on specs, this comes with bigger touchpad, next generation wireless technology and battery-life of 5 hours when wireless is on!

Critical Success Factors In A GD

2008-01-02T02:59:00.000-08:00

Innovativeness: Ability to have an entirely different perspective.

Quality Of Content: It shows the level of preparedness.

Logical Ability: Ability to reason, think and debate the pros and cons.
Behavioural Skills: Aggressiveness is negative while assertiveness is positive. Assertiveness is standing on your own feet, while aggression is trampling on others’ feet. Group Discussion
Types of GD
Why Do We have GD
How to Face GD
GD FAQ'S
GD Tips
GD Do's & Dont's
GD Preparation
GD Mistakes
Group Discussion Topics
Engg GD Topics
MBA GD Topics
BPO GD Topics
General GD Topics
Current GD Topics
Mock GD

Communication: This includes articulation, listening and body language. Clarity of thought leads to articulate language and frequent and consistent participation. Fundamental knowledge of language is all one needs.
Leadership: Leadership involves all the above skills. More importantly, the fundamental strength that you need to portray to be effective is MOBILITY. It is mobility that lets you demonstrate leadership skill as the context demands.

1.Base Method

2008-01-02T02:30:00.000-08:00

This is very suitable when numbers are close to a base like 10, 100, 1000 or so on. Let's take an example:
106 × 108

Here the base is 100 and the 'surplus' is 6 and 8 for the two numbers. The answer will be found in two parts, the right-hand should have only two digits (because base is 100) and will be the product of the surpluses. Thus, the right-hand part will be 6 × 8, i.e. 48. The left-hand part will be one multiplicand plus the surplus of the other multiplicand. The left part of the answer in this case will be 106 + 8 or for that matter 108 + 6 i.e. 114. The answer is 11448.

12 X 14.

10 would the most suitable base. In the current example, the surplus numbers are +2 and +4.

If 8x7 were to be performed and base of 10 were chosen, then -2 and -3 would have been the deficit numbers.

2.The Importance Of Reciprocal Percentages And Fractions

2008-01-02T02:28:00.000-08:00

Suppose you are to calculate 5.26% of 760 as a sub-step of a DI calculation say something like

(526/200) X (760/100) => {(5.26/100) X (760/1)} 1/20

You should know the equivalent fraction of 5.76% (It is actually 1/19 ), it reduces to (40) X 1/20 = 2

This can save you vital 15 – 20 seconds (at least) and saving this much time in almost every question means a higher attempt and higher accuracy.

So, be sure to spend time learning equivalent fraction & percentages from 1/1 to 1/30.

3.For faster calculations

2008-01-02T02:26:00.000-08:00

1. The first requirement is to mug up tables till 30, reciprocals with respect to percentage and decimals, squares & cubes till 30, square roots and cube roots till 7.

2. Practice various questions to become comfortable with the various types of problems and understand by which method you can solve a particular problem faster. Exposure to various types of questions is required so CAT does not come as a surprise to you.

3. Be very thorough with basics of all arithmetic topics like profit, loss and discount, ratios, basic number theory and formulas.

4. Take sectional tests and analyse your performance. This helps you to understand your strengths and weaknesses. Remember, a test is not conducted to tell you that you perform at 80% efficiency but to point out the 20% area where you are making mistakes.

5. Try vedic maths and learn short-cut methods that work for you. Also, try doing mental calculations and minimise the use of using pen and paper.

6. Approximation is the best tool to arrive at answers quickly but using it is an art, you will have to learn this through trial-and-error and practice.

7. Often you can arrive at the correct answer by the process of elimination. For some questions you may see that two or three of the given options are pretty far fetched and it is easy to select the right answer. Again, this method needs practice to perfect.

8. Whenever you try to calculate faster then your comfort zone speed, you are bound to make silly mistakes. So, try to build up your speed slowly so that it peaks in November when all the entrance tests are about to begin.

4.CALCULATING FASTER

2008-01-02T02:25:00.000-08:00

Maths in the Quantitative Ability (QA) and the Data Interpretation (DI) section is not only about solving the questions accurately but also solving them with speed
For faster calculations
The Importance Of Reciprocal Percentages And Fractions
Tips To Remember Some Values
Composite Table

2008-01-02T02:22:00.000-08:00

This is my little brother

Step 1.

2008-01-02T02:21:00.002-08:00

Get excited about words! Come to appreciate the sometimes- subtle differences between them. Do you know the difference between something that denotes something else and something that connotes something else? If not, go look it up. Learn to say what you really mean and discover the joys of being able to express yourself in writing. Your future can depend on how rich your vocabulary is. A good vocabulary will make a difference on the standardized tests, like the SAT and GRE, that could determine whether or where you go to college. It will also determine the quality of your communication. So be in it for the long pull. Let building your vocabulary be a lifelong proposition. Remember: "In the beginning was the word." Until you have a word for something, it does not exist for you. Name it, and you have made your reality richer.

Step 2.

2008-01-02T02:21:00.001-08:00

Use vocabulary lists. For the serious vocabulary student, there are many books that focus on the words most commonly found in standardized tests, such as the SAT and GRE. There are also many interesting word sites on the Internet, many of which will send you a word a day by email

Step 3.

2008-01-02T02:20:00.000-08:00

Use mnemonics (memory tricks). For example, consider the word EGREGIOUS (extremely bad). Think EGG REACH US - imagine we've made a mistake so bad that they are throwing eggs at us and a rotten EGG REACHes US. Such funny little word pictures will help you remember what words mean, AND they are fun to make up. Also, find out which learning style suits you best. Everyone learns differently!

Step 4.

2008-01-02T02:19:00.000-08:00

Improve your context skills. Research shows that the vast majority of words are learned from context. To improve your context skills pay close attention to how words are used. Doing a search on a word using dejanews.com (for searching newsgroups) will give you many examples of how that word is used in context. Play our Daily Context Vocabulary Quiz

Important Steps to be followed

2008-01-02T02:15:00.000-08:00

Step 1.
Read, Read, Read! Most vocabulary words are learned from context. The more words you're exposed to, the better vocabulary you will have. While you read, pay close attention to words you don't know. First, try to figure out their meanings from context. Then look the words up. Read and listen to challenging material so that you'll be exposed to many new words.

Anurag Sharma

2008-01-01T06:15:00.000-08:00

Hi this blog will help in campus